{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:08:52Z","timestamp":1793059732828,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) is a commonly utilized surgery in the treatment of patellofemoral instability and chondrosis. A number of case series studies have reported on the mid- and long-term outcomes with varying complication rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To report the incidence of major complications after TTO and the rate of progression of knee osteoarthritis at midterm follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All patients who underwent primary TTO between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015, and who had \u22655 years of clinical follow-up data were included. Patient demographics and clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded. Risk factors for complications were identified using multivariate logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 72 patients were included. The mean follow-up period was 104.8 months (range, 67-138 months). The overall complication rate was 38.9% (28\/72 patients), and the incidence of major complications was 6.9%. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with a history of smoking were more likely to experience a complication (odds ratio = 4.33 [95% CI, 1.29-14.53]; P = .02). Multivariate analysis with TTO as the main predictor indicated that complication rates were not affected by TTO procedure (TTO vs TTO+other), number of screws, or distalization. There was also no difference between anteromedialization and medialization TTO techniques. The rate of patients with Kellgren-Lawrence grade 3 to 4 increased from 12.0% preoperatively to 23.9% at the final follow-up. New osteophyte formation was detected in 5.8% of patients on anteroposterior radiographs and in 9.1% of patients on lateral radiographs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the current study, TTO was found to have a major complication rate of 6.9% at midterm follow-up. Smoking was a risk factor for major complications. Only 11.9% of patients had progression in tibiofemoral osteoarthritis at midterm follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241278722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T07:57:15Z","timestamp":1728547035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Complications and Radiographic Outcomes of Tibial Tubercle Osteotomy at Minimum 5-Year Follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-068X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sercan","family":"Yalcin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karrington","family":"Seals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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