{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:10:03Z","timestamp":1779912603606,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although previous studies have investigated the risk factors for rotator cuff syndrome (RCS), there remains controversy due to uncontrolled and uncertain confounding factors in their analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To perform Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate the causal relationship between RCS and 4 risk factors: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure (HBP), body mass index (BMI), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive epidemiology study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for T2DM (ebi-a-GCST006867), BMI (ieu-b-40), HBP (finn-b-I9_HYPTENS), HDL-C (ieu-b-109), and RCS (ukb-b-50) were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS Project. The dataset of each risk factor was combined with the dataset of RCS, generating 4 datasets. Potential confounders and single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to RCS were excluded from these datasets. The causal relationships between the exposure factors and RCS were analyzed using 5 regression models: MR-Egger, weighted median estimate (WME), inverse-variance weighting (IVW), simple mode, and weighted mode. Heterogeneity in the causal effects was assessed using MR-Egger regression and IVW analyses. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the stability of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MR-Egger regression intercepts for T2DM, BMI, HBP, and HDL-C showed no horizontal pleiotropic effects. The results of the Cochran Q test showed P values of .075 and .080 for BMI in the MR-Egger regression and IVW models, respectively, indicating the absence of heterogeneity between BMI and RCS. The results of the weighted median estimate and IVW regression analyses showed a significant causal association between BMI and RCS, with odds ratios of 1.002 (95% CI, 1-1.004; P = .038) and 1.003 (95% CI, 1.001-1.005; P = .0003), respectively. No significant associations were found for T2DM, HDL-C, or HBP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, BMI was positively associated with the risk of developing RCS, while T2DM, HBP, and low HDL-C were not associated with RCS development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241285860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T14:52:26Z","timestamp":1736779946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Causal Relationships Between 4 Exposure Factors and Rotator Cuff Syndrome Using Mendelian Randomization Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zeyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, PR 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