{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:46:11Z","timestamp":1777880771242,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"khon kaen university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant Number IN62351"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant Number IN62351"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both adductor canal block (ACB) and local infiltration (LI) are effective for postoperative pain management after arthroscopic-assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). While LI is a more straightforward procedure, its effectiveness remains debated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate morphine consumption within 48 hours after ACLR with a semitendinosus tendon graft, comparing ACB and LI; secondary objectives: to evaluate pain levels, patient satisfaction, quadriceps strength, range of knee motion, and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients undergoing primary ACLR with a semitendinosus tendon graft were randomized to receive either ACB (0.25% bupivacaine; 20 mL) or LI at the surgical wound, graft harvest area, and intra-articular injection. The LI group received morphine (3 mg), ketorolac (30 mg), and tranexamic acid (1 g). Morphine consumption within 48 hours was monitored using an intravenous patient-controlled analgesia device.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 48 patients were analyzed (n = 24 in each group); baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The LI group consumed significantly less morphine than the ACB group at 6 hours (median [interquartile range, IQR], 3 mg [0-4.8 mg] for the LI group vs 5.5 mg [2-9] for the ACB group; P = .003). However, no significant differences were observed in morphine consumption at other time points. Additionally, no significant difference was found in cumulative morphine consumption at 48 hours between the groups (median [IQR], 21.5 mg [11-34.5 mg] for the ACB group vs 16.5 mg [8.5-21.8 mg] for the LI group; P = .137). Postoperative pain scores, quadriceps strength, and patient satisfaction were similar between the 2 groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Morphine consumption at 48 hours postoperatively was comparable between the LI and ACB groups, and no significant group differences were found in postoperative pain, quadriceps strength, or patient satisfaction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Registration:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCTR20190320003 (Thai Clinical Trial Registry).<\/jats:p>\n                  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