{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T18:15:33Z","timestamp":1791224133742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100021054","name":"Military Operational Medicine Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911QY-16-1-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911QY-16-1-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100021054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030710","name":"Musculoskeletal Injury Rehabilitation Research for Operational Readiness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Running biomechanics have been linked to the development of running-related injuries in recreational and military runners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine if personal characteristics or running biomechanical variables are associated with running-related injury incidence or time to injury in military cadets undergoing training. It was hypothesized that a rearfoot strike pattern, greater rate of impact, or a lower step rate would be related to a greater running-related injury incidence and a decreased time to injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Military cadets wore an on-shoe wearable sensor that analyzed biomechanical variables of foot strike pattern, rate of impact, running pace, step rate, step length, and contact time during cadet basic training (60 days). Running-related injuries during cadet basic training were determined by medical record review. Personal and running variables between the injured and uninjured cadets were compared using independent t tests and chi-square analyses. Time to injury and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 674 cadets who completed the study, 11% sustained a running-related injury. A significantly greater proportion of the injured participants were female (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 7.95; P = .005) and had a prior history of injury (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 7.36; P = .007). Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression models revealed greater injury risk in females (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.22-3.16; P = .005) and cadets with a prior injury history (HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.18-2.93; P = .008). After adjusting Cox models for prior injury, females were found to be at a 1.89 times (95% CI, 1.17-3.04; P = .009) greater risk of injury. Running biomechanical variables were not associated with injury risk.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Study results indicated that non-modifiable risk factors such as female sex and prior injury history increased the risk of running-related injury in cadets undergoing military training. Running biomechanical variables measured by the wearable sensor were not associated with injury in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671241309273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T23:03:21Z","timestamp":1738883001000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Using Wearable Sensor Technology to Analyze Running Technique and Prospective Running-Related Injuries During United States Military Cadet Basic Training"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amy N.","family":"Weart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, Washington, USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren 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