{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:49:18Z","timestamp":1789915758335,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cryotherapy has proven effective for pain reduction in the knee joint. However, its efficacy in other joints is less clear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore the benefits of cryotherapy in joints excluding the knee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In June 2023, a review of EMBASE, PubMed MEDLINE, PROSPERO, ClinicalTrials.org, and the Cochrane Library was performed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. Search terms were \u201ccryotherapy,\u201d\u201ccold application,\u201d\u201cpostoperative,\u201d and \u201cpostoperative period.\u201d Studies that assessed postoperative cryotherapy in joints excluding the knee were included. Spine, tumor, and pediatric studies were excluded. Outcomes evaluated were postoperative pain status, analgesic use, edema, and blood loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 6749 studies, 22 studies (1424 patients) were ultimately included. Postoperative pain was evaluated in 20 studies, analgesic consumption in 14 studies, edema in 8 studies, and blood loss in 6 studies. Cryotherapy showed significant benefits in pain reduction in 9 studies, decreased analgesic use in 7 studies, edema reduction in 4 studies, and decreased blood loss in 2 studies. The hip showed the most consistent benefits from cryotherapy, across all studied parameters. However, increased haloperidol consumption was noted in hip fractures. Cryotherapy benefits after wrist surgery (4 studies; 211 patients) varied by procedure. Particularly for carpal tunnel procedures, continuous cryotherapy showed significant reductions in pain, analgesic use, and postoperative edema. For ankle surgeries (4 studies; 301 patients), cryotherapy was beneficial for pain and analgesic consumption, but it was not the optimal edema-resolving method. Benefits in elbow surgery (1 study; 59 patients) were limited to pain and analgesia consumption. For shoulder surgery (6 studies; 311 patients), the evidence was not consistent regarding the benefits of cryotherapy on postoperative pain despite a general trend toward amelioration, with compression cryotherapy and continuous cryotherapy showing the best results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effectiveness of cryotherapy appeared dependent on the specific surgical context and the protocol used. Pairing cryotherapy with compression led to better outcomes than cryotherapy alone. Special consideration should be given when implementing cryotherapy after hip fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251320132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T13:25:08Z","timestamp":1743254708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Postoperative Cryotherapy in Joints Other Than the Knee: A Systematic Review of Pain, Edema, Analgesic Use, and Blood Loss in the Shoulder, Hand, Hip, and Ankle Joints"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3499-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karam Mark","family":"Karam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2611-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad K.","family":"Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Noailles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polyclinique Bordeaux Nord Aquitaine (PBNA), Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eug\u00e9nie","family":"Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Grimaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Lef\u00e8vre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinique du Sport, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Cryotherapy as an analgetic technique in direct postoperative management of elective joint replacement. Article in German","volume":"135","author":"Albrecht S","year":"1997","unstructured":"Albrecht S, le Blond R, K\u00f6hler V, et al. Cryotherapy as an analgetic technique in direct postoperative management of elective joint replacement. Article in German. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1997;135(1):45-51.","journal-title":"Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-015-3534-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408103720"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260757"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2017.08.010"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.102953","article-title":"Enhanced recovery after lumbar fusion surgery: benefits of using Game Ready","volume":"107","author":"De Bie A","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Bie A, Siboni R, Smati MF, Ohl X, Bredin S. Enhanced recovery after lumbar fusion surgery: benefits of using Game Ready. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2021;107(7):102953.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.04.014"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"145","article-title":"Perioperative and posttraumatic anti-edematous decongestive device-based negative pressure treatment for anti-edematous swelling treatment of the lower extremity\u2014a prospective quality study","volume":"11","author":"Dresing K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dresing K, Fischer AC, Lehmann W, Saul D, Spering C. Perioperative and posttraumatic anti-edematous decongestive device-based negative pressure treatment for anti-edematous swelling treatment of the lower extremity\u2014a prospective quality study. Int J Burns Trauma. 2021;11(3):145-155.","journal-title":"Int J Burns Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2019-000527","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of cooling strategies on recovery after surgical intervention","volume":"5","author":"Engelhard D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engelhard D, Hofer P, Annaheim S. Evaluation of the effect of cooling strategies on recovery after surgical intervention. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2019;5(1):e000527.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20110505-06","article-title":"The use of surgical drains in orthopedics","volume":"31","author":"Gaines RJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gaines RJ, Dunbar RP. The use of surgical drains in orthopedics. Orthopedics. 2008;31(7):702-705.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.4103\/jodp.jodp_32_23","article-title":"Role of surgical drains in orthopedics","volume":"6","author":"Goel A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goel A, Singh S, Shukla NK. Role of surgical drains in orthopedics. J Orthop Dis Traumatol. 2023;6(3):234.","journal-title":"J Orthop Dis Traumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(01)80055-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/sicotj\/2019010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53503.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-020-00556-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0310041","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032126","article-title":"Cryotherapy-induced persistent vasoconstriction after cutaneous cooling: hysteresis between skin temperature and blood perfusion","volume":"138","author":"Khoshnevis S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khoshnevis S, Craik NK, Matthew Brothers R, Diller KR. Cryotherapy-induced persistent vasoconstriction after cutaneous cooling: hysteresis between skin temperature and blood perfusion. J Biomech Eng. 2016;138(3):0310041-0310048.","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"364","article-title":"Compressive cryotherapy is superior to cryotherapy alone in reducing pain after hip arthroscopy","volume":"6","author":"Klaber I","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klaber I, Greeff E, O\u2019Donnell J. Compressive cryotherapy is superior to cryotherapy alone in reducing pain after hip arthroscopy. J Hip Preser Sur. 2019;6(4):364-369.","journal-title":"J Hip Preser Sur"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2015.02.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.20.00016","article-title":"Orthopaedic application of cryotherapy: a comprehensive review of the history, basic science, methods, and clinical effectiveness","volume":"9","author":"Kunkle BF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kunkle BF, Kothandaraman V, Goodloe JB, et al. Orthopaedic application of cryotherapy: a comprehensive review of the history, basic science, methods, and clinical effectiveness. JBJS Rev. 2021;9(1):e20.00016.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5301\/HIP.2012.9761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2017.08.002"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/00006416-199409000-00006","article-title":"Use of cryotherapy for orthopaedic patients","volume":"13","author":"McDowell JH","year":"1994","unstructured":"McDowell JH, McFarland EG, Nalli BJ. Use of cryotherapy for orthopaedic patients. Orthop Nurs. 1994;13(5):21-30.","journal-title":"Orthop Nurs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1280-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-023-00639-3","article-title":"Dynamic intermittent compression cryotherapy with intravenous nefopam results in faster pain recovery than static compression cryotherapy with oral nefopam: post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"Moussa MK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moussa MK, Lefevre N, Valentin E, et al. Dynamic intermittent compression cryotherapy with intravenous nefopam results in faster pain recovery than static compression cryotherapy with oral nefopam: post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Exp Ortop. 2023;10(1):72.","journal-title":"J Exp Ortop"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2004\/7\/395"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","article-title":"Continuous cryotherapy vs ice following total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized control trial","volume":"47","author":"Noyes MP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Noyes MP, Denard PJ. Continuous cryotherapy vs ice following total shoulder arthroplasty: a randomized control trial. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2018;47(6):10.12788\/ajo.2018.0045.","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0013.5782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:N71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00023","article-title":"Total hip and knee arthroplasty perioperative pain management","volume":"6","author":"Pepper AM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pepper AM, Mercuri JJ, Behery OA, Vigdorchik JM. Total hip and knee arthroplasty perioperative pain management. JBJS Rev. 2018;6(12):e5.","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2020.09.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/50.1.19","article-title":"Use of cryotherapy on the postsurgical rheumatoid hand","volume":"50","author":"Rembe EC.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Rembe EC. Use of cryotherapy on the postsurgical rheumatoid hand. Phys Ther. 1970;50(1):19-23.","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100718820352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00939"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2003.10.011"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2021.103065","article-title":"Early postoperative practices following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in France","volume":"107","author":"Sezer HB","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sezer HB, Noailles T, Toanen C, et al; Francophone Arthroscopy Society (SFA). Early postoperative practices following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in France. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2021;107(8)(suppl):103065.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.118415"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(96)80032-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701800711"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00090.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-022-03404-x","article-title":"Investigation of cryotherapy for pain relief after arthroscopic shoulder surgery","volume":"17","author":"Uchida R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uchida R, Hombu A, Ishida Y, Nagasawa M, Chosa E. Investigation of cryotherapy for pain relief after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. J Orthop Surg Res. 2022;17(1):553.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-11-39","article-title":"Delirium risk screening and haloperidol prophylaxis program in hip fracture patients is a helpful tool in identifying high-risk patients, but does not reduce the incidence of delirium","volume":"11","author":"Vochteloo AJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vochteloo AJ, Moerman S, van der Burg BLSB, et al. Delirium risk screening and haloperidol prophylaxis program in hip fracture patients is a helpful tool in identifying high-risk patients, but does not reduce the incidence of delirium. BMC Geriatr. 2011;11(1):39.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"924","article-title":"The effects on knee swelling, range of motion and pain using a commercially available hot\/cold contrast device in a rehabilitation and sports medicine setting","volume":"17","author":"Wilk KE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilk KE, Mangine RE, Tersakjs J, Hasselford K. The effects on knee swelling, range of motion and pain using a commercially available hot\/cold contrast device in a rehabilitation and sports medicine setting. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2022;17(5):924-930.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2022.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.08.011"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671251320132","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671251320132","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671251320132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:26:34Z","timestamp":1777595194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671251320132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671251320132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671251320132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"article-number":"23259671251320132"}}