{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:19:50Z","timestamp":1793578790733,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each band of the deltoid ligament cooperatively contributes to stability of the medial side of the ankle joint. Investigating the function of each band of the deltoid ligament is essential to assess abnormalities and develop treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the changes in ankle kinematics when each band of the deltoid ligament is injured and to measure the in situ force of each ligamentous band in intact ankle kinematics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Descriptive laboratory study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 8 healthy fresh-frozen cadaveric legs were examined by applying forces through eversion and external rotation of the ankle joint using a 6 degrees of freedom robotic system. The deltoid ligament was separated into 6 discrete bands: tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL), anterior tibiotalar ligament, superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament (sPTTL), and deep posterior tibiotalar ligament; the bands were then sequentially transected. A loading test was performed in each model, and the changes in ankle motion and in situ force of each ligamentous band were measured using the robotic system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When an eversion force was applied to the intact ankle, the in situ force of the sPTTL was 21.6 N in dorsiflexion and that of the TCL was 19.4 N in plantarflexion, both of which were significantly greater than those of the other ligamentous bands. Additionally, the amount of eversion under eversion loading increased significantly by 3.3\u00b0 with sPTTL resection in dorsiflexion and by 4.2\u00b0 with TCL resection in plantarflexion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TCL and sPTTL play important roles among the ligamentous bands of the deltoid ligament. The sPTTL played a more significant role in ankle dorsiflexion, whereas the TCL played a more significant role in ankle plantarflexion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The TCL and sPTTL should receive attention in the treatment of deltoid ligamentous injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251327406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T18:19:24Z","timestamp":1743531564000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The In Situ Force and Contribution of Each Ligamentous Band of the Deltoid Ligament in Ankle Joint Stability: A Cadaveric Biomechanical Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5542-7410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsunori","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4860-9259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasutaka","family":"Murahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kousuke","family":"Shiwaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Emori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Fujie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Systems Design, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-019-0171-y","article-title":"Anatomic study of the medial side of the ankle base on the joint capsule: an alternative description of the deltoid and spring ligament","volume":"6","author":"Amaha K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amaha K, Nimura A, Yamaguchi R, et al. Anatomic study of the medial side of the ankle base on the joint capsule: an alternative description of the deltoid and spring ligament. J Exp Orthop. 2019;6(1):2.","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300612"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719839176"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00870"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11702","article-title":"MRI and surgical findings in deltoid ligament tears","volume":"204","author":"Crim J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Crim J, Longenecker LG. MRI and surgical findings in deltoid ligament tears. 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