{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:50:03Z","timestamp":1777881003838,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The increasing prevalence of marijuana usage has prompted research into the potential medical effects. Yet, there is a paucity of literature surrounding the impact on perioperative outcomes after orthopaedic surgeries among pediatric and adolescent populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare perioperative outcomes between pediatric and adolescent patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and attested to marijuana use compared with those who did not attest to marijuana use, and whether sociodemographic factors were associated with positive self-reported marijuana attestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated perioperative outcomes in patients aged \u226420 years who underwent primary ACLR between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were divided based on self-reported positive marijuana attestation on forms collected during the surgical intake process. Propensity score matching (3:1 ratio) was used to select matched controls based on age, sex, surgeon, and graft type. Perioperative outcomes and complications were compared between those who self-reported positive marijuana attestation and those who did not report marijuana use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 4358 eligible patients, 42 self-reported positive marijuana use on attestation forms (0.96% [95% CI, 0.70-1.30]), with 126 patients in the matched cohort. The mean follow-up was 25.26 months (SD, 27.17 [range, 1-125 months). Patients who self-reported positive marijuana use (n = 42) experienced significantly higher rates of overnight admission for pain (90% vs 29%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .004), greater estimated blood loss (10 vs 3 mL;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001), lower maximum heart rate in the postanesthesia care unit (74.3 \u00b1 12.8 vs 80.2 \u00b1 14.8 beats per min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04). Time to return to sports (RTS) was 76 days longer in the self-reported positive marijuana attestation cohort (95% CI, 1.1-1.5;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). Higher odds of positive self-reported marijuana attestation were observed in patients living in lower Child Opportunity Index neighborhoods, those identifying as races other than White, and those of Hispanic ethnicity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Positive self-reported marijuana attestation in pediatric and adolescent patients undergoing ACLR was associated with higher rates of overnight admission for pain and prolonged time to RTS, suggesting potential implications for perioperative management and recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251369015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T10:55:22Z","timestamp":1757415322000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Marijuana Use on Pain Management and Return to Sport After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: A Matched Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander R.","family":"Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanika","family":"De Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Borna","family":"Guevel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7938-7820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mininder S.","family":"Kocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grant D.","family":"Hogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Department, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.0679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"100265","article-title":"The effect of cannabis use on postoperative complications in patients undergoing spine surgery: a national database study","volume":"16","author":"Barkay G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barkay G, Solomito MJ, Kostyun RO, Esmende S, Makanji H. The effect of cannabis use on postoperative complications in patients undergoing spine surgery: a national database study. N Am Spine Soc J. 2023;16:100265.","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1877"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2018.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-022-01190-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221116819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002242"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00438"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2018027401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: An Act for the Humanitarian Medical Use of Marijuana Chapter 369 (2012)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: An Act to Ensure Safe Access to Marijuana Chapter 55 (2017)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Miech R Johnston L Patrick M O\u2019Malley P Bachman J. Monitoring the future: national survey results on drug use 1975-2023: secondary school students. Ann Arbor Michigan: University of Michigan. 2023. Accessed December 1 2024. https:\/\/monitoringthefuture.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/mtfoverview2024.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2018.1449054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09635-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. Results from the 2022 national survey on drug use and health. Rockville Maryland. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 2023. Accessed December 1 2024. https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/rpt42731\/2022-nsduh-annual-national-web-110923\/2022-nsduh-nnr.htm."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","article-title":"Preoperative cannabis use associated with an increased rate of reoperation and postoperative opioid use following anterior cervical decompression and fusion","volume":"14","author":"Razzouk J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Razzouk J, Chung JH, Lindsey W, et al. Preoperative cannabis use associated with an increased rate of reoperation and postoperative opioid use following anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Cureus. 2022;14(11):e31285.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"57","article-title":"The impact of isolated baseline cannabis use on outcomes following thoracolumbar spinal fusion: a propensity score-matched analysis","volume":"42","author":"Shah N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah N, Lavian J, Moattari C, et al. The impact of isolated baseline cannabis use on outcomes following thoracolumbar spinal fusion: a propensity score-matched analysis. Iowa Orthop J. 2022;42:57-62.","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"100226","article-title":"Cannabis use is associated with decreased opioid prescription fulfillment following single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF)","volume":"14","author":"Silver J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Silver J, Pavano C, Bellas N, et al. Cannabis use is associated with decreased opioid prescription fulfillment following single level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). N Am Spine Soc J. 2023;14:100226.","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9793-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00885-w"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671251369015","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671251369015","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671251369015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:29:23Z","timestamp":1777595363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671251369015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671251369015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671251369015","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"article-number":"23259671251369015"}}