{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:50:57Z","timestamp":1777881057003,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While surgical interventions for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries in throwing athletes have improved return-to-sport rates, predicting individual recovery timelines and the risk of complications remains a challenge. The influence of a patient's preoperative status, captured through patient-reported outcomes (PROs), on postoperative recovery milestones and complication risks is not well-defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose\/Hypothesis:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine if baseline PROs and specific surgical variables predict critical postoperative milestones and adverse outcomes following UCL surgery. It was hypothesized that better baseline PROs would be associated with improved postoperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study: Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data for this study were obtained from The Pitch Registry, a multi-institutional database of baseball players with UCL injuries, analysis conducted between 2019 and 2023. Of 506 screened patients, 146 were included based on having \u22652 years of follow-up and complete preoperative PROs. Baseline PROs, including the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) score, and Youth Throwing Score (YTS), were collected. Postoperative outcomes, including time to return to throwing (RTT) and return to mound (RTM), and the presence of surgical complications, were documented. Intraoperative variables, such as the type of UCL procedure (repair or reconstruction), were also recorded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 146 patients were included for analysis, and their surgical breakdown included 39 (26.7%) repairs, 69 (47.3%) palmaris reconstructions, and 38 (26.0%) gracilis reconstructions. Reported level of play included high school (30%), college (56%), minor league professional (10%), and major league professional (1%). Better baseline total ASES scores were significantly associated with a faster RTT (coefficient \u22120.09 weeks\/point;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .003) and decreased odds of postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01). Worse baseline ASES intensity of pain scores significantly predicted longer RTT (coefficient 0.5 weeks\/point;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .01) and increased odds of complications (OR, 1.3;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .005), revision surgery (OR, 1.3;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04), and ulnar nerve symptoms (OR, 1.2;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .04). The repair group demonstrated significantly shorter RTT (mean, 14.8 weeks) and RTM (mean 31.7 weeks) compared with both palmaris (RTT: 18.9 weeks,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001; RTM: 41.7 weeks,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) and gracilis groups (RTT: 22.4 weeks,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001; RTM: 42.1 weeks,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). No significant differences were found in complication, reoperation, or ulnar nerve symptom rates among the surgical groups (repair vs palmaris vs gracilis). Other PROs (KJOC, YTS) and surgical variables (ulnar nerve transposition, scope) did not consistently predict these outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Better baseline PROs, particularly better total ASES scores and better ASES intensity of pain scores, are associated with faster RTT and a reduced risk of postoperative complications and adverse events following UCL surgery. UCL repair was associated with significantly faster RTT and RTM timelines compared to reconstruction with either palmaris or gracilis autografts. These findings suggest that specific preoperative PROs can aid surgeons in managing patient expectations and counseling regarding postoperative recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251397540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T11:47:08Z","timestamp":1765885628000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Preoperative Patient-Reported Questionnaires and Outcomes After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Division, Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5667-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cole","family":"Morrissette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Division, Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Division, Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Division, Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Pitch 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