{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:51:14Z","timestamp":1777881074743,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upper extremity neurovascular injuries (UENVIs) are a significant yet understudied aspect of sports medicine. Although distinct UENVIs have been independently studied, no report describes the incidence of UENVIs across all collegiate sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the occurrence, demographics, treatment modalities, and outcomes associated with UENVIs across various sports in collegiate athletes using data from the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case series; Level of evidence, 4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Pac-12 Health Analytics Program database was queried for brachial plexus injuries and sports-related UENVIs over a 7-year period (2016-2022). UENVIs were subdivided into neurologic neck injury, transient brachial plexus injury, and thoracic outlet syndrome. Statistical analysis consisted of the chi-square test for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous variables. Significance was defined as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 15,609 athletes with injuries across 21 sports were identified, of whom 213 experienced UENVIs. Of the athletes, 155 (72.8%) were male and 58 (27.2%) were female. Football players comprised the largest number of UENVI cases. When football players were excluded from the analysis, female athletes had a higher incidence of UENVIs at 61.7% compared to males at 38.3%. Most players were White (50.8%) or Black (23%). Among all athletes in each sport, the highest rates of UENVIs were observed in wrestling (3.9%), football (3.6%), and tennis (2.6%). Of the athletes, 95.5% with UENVIs returned to their previous level of activity or reported no interference with their sport from the injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most UENVIs in collegiate athletes are transient and self-limited. This is the first study to report on sex and race distribution for UENVIs. Many athletes return to sport at a similar or higher level.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251405805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:01:06Z","timestamp":1771635666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upper Extremity Neurovascular Injuries in Collegiate Athletes: Sex, Race, and Return to Sport"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7963-9733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Heath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie D.","family":"Talutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1827-7166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Autreen","family":"Golzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus G.","family":"Ulloa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh A.","family":"Gelbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon L.","family":"Hame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000249223.51871.C2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-17-00746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2025.01.195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2014.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2010.00814.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2020.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880120512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31818a51c3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003220"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000001908"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.838014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2016.1258642"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: head-down contact and spearing in tackle football","volume":"39","author":"Heck JF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heck JF, Clarke KS, Peterson TR, Torg JS, Weis MP. National Athletic Trainers\u2019 Association position statement: head-down contact and spearing in tackle football. J Athl Train. 2004;39(1):101-111.","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2020.07.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169910079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381231223413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10050962"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2014.280"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12216811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"NCAA Demographics Database\u2014NCAA.org. Accessed April 5 2025. https:\/\/www.ncaa.org\/sports\/2018\/12\/13\/ncaa-demographics-database.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09643-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2022.06.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0063.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504265193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.955367"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2023.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2025.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2025.01.236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2016.05.103"}],"container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671251405805","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23259671251405805","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23259671251405805","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:31:42Z","timestamp":1777595502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23259671251405805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23259671251405805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23259671251405805","relation":{},"ISSN":["2325-9671","2325-9671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2325-9671","type":"print"},{"value":"2325-9671","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"article-number":"23259671251405805"}}