{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:19:52Z","timestamp":1792498792251,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patellar morphology, most commonly described by the Wiberg classification, is a potential risk factor for recurrent lateral patellofemoral instability. However, the Wiberg classification has not been widely used in this population, and therefore its clinical utility remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) To determine the incidence of Wiberg types and to explore relationships between the Wiberg classification and risk factors in a population of patients with recurrent lateral patellofemoral instability. (2) To evaluate the relationship between the Wiberg classification and disease-specific quality of life outcomes after primary medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A population of 447 patients who underwent MPFL reconstruction for recurrent instability was enrolled. Preoperative demographic and pathoanatomic data were collected prospectively. Intrarater reliability of the Wiberg classification was assessed using a weighted kappa (\u03baw). Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, as well as ordinal logistic regression, were used to explore relationships between the Wiberg classification and risk factors for patellofemoral instability. A 1-way analysis of variance assessed preoperative and 24-month postoperative Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) scores in relation to the Wiberg classification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study enrolled 447 patients, including 539 knees (21.5% male knees; 78.5% female knees), with a mean age at first dislocation of 14.9 years (SD, 6.1). The distribution of patellae by the Wiberg classification was 30.6% type 1 (n = 165), 47.1% type 2 (n = 254), and 22.3% type 3 (n = 120). \u03baw intrarater agreement for the Wiberg classification was substantial (\u03baw = 0.75). An ordinal logistic regression demonstrated a statistically significant \u22122 log likelihood model (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001) that included high-grade trochlear dysplasia, age at first dislocation, and WARPS\/STAID (WARPS [weak, atraumatic, risky anatomy, pain, subluxation] \/ STAID [strong, traumatic, anatomy normal, instability, dislocation]) score as predictive of Wiberg type. No significant differences existed between Wiberg types for pre- (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 4.167;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .02) or postoperative BPII scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.121;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .89).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large cohort of patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability, a statistically significant ordinal logistic regression model, including the combination of trochlear dysplasia, WARPS\/STAID score, and age at time of first dislocation, predicted Wiberg classification. No relationship was determined between the Wiberg classification and pre- or postoperative BPII 2.0 quality of life scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671251407090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T17:53:11Z","timestamp":1770918791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Patellar Morphology in Recurrent Lateral Patellofemoral Instability: Associations With Risk Factors and Postoperative Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Greene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine Foundation, Banff, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-5000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Kerslake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine Foundation, Banff, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Lafave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Physical Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie A.","family":"Hiemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banff Sport Medicine Foundation, Banff, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280040601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2650-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.3.170058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120968099"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21315\/mjms2018.25.4.12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-022-07245-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671231225177"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517704178"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colvin AC West RV. 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