{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T15:04:39Z","timestamp":1789743879321,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Uganda\u2019s 2017 Joint External Evaluation (JEE) revealed critical gaps in International Health Regulations (IHR) implementation, with limited progress despite ongoing efforts. Coordination mechanisms failed to address multisectoral implementation challenges. To accelerate progress, in 2018, Uganda established a dedicated National Action Plan for Health Security Acceleration (NAPHS) Team (A-Team)\u2014a multidisciplinary unit embedded within government structures to facilitate cross-sector coordination and reduce bureaucratic barriers. We conducted a multimethod evaluation using outcome harvesting, key informant interviews, and cost analysis to assess the team\u2019s contributions to health security implementation. Contribution analysis examined attribution challenges by documenting parallel initiatives and stakeholder verified causal pathways. They catalyzed measurable improvements in Uganda\u2019s 2023 JEE scores. Multisectoral coordination improved from 2 to 4, points of entry capacities from 1 to 3, IHR financing from 2 to 3, and surveillance early warning from 3 to 4. Achievements included Public Health Act amendments, One Health policy formulation, institutionalization of the 7\u20131\u20137 framework, and establishment of coordination mechanisms through the Office of the Prime Minister. They supported various ministries by developing policies and guidelines. They also monitored NAPHS implementation through the creation of the IHR NAPHS tracker and the NAPHS toolkit. The $3.5M investment was an enabling infrastructure, with stakeholders attributing 70% to 85% of coordination improvements to the team facilitation. The A-Team\u2019s support, aided by Resolve To Save Lives, helped Uganda secure US$150.5 million in funding, split between domestic and partner contributions, which resulted in an exceptional leverage ratio of 1:43. The embedded A-Team model addressed coordination challenges that commonly impede health security implementation in resource-constrained settings. By functioning as trusted boundary spanners, the team reduced transaction costs of multisectoral collaboration while maintaining government ownership. The model demonstrates promise for replication in similar contexts, requiring adaptation to local governance structures and sustainable financing mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23265094261464026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:26:32Z","timestamp":1785475592000},"page":"333-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fast-Tracking the Implementation of National Action Plan for Health Security (2018-2024) in Uganda: The Acceleration Team Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7694-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herbert","family":"Bakiika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Immaculate","family":"Nabukenya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reuben","family":"Kiggundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Bongole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha Isabella","family":"Achan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geraldine","family":"Mukesha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Bukirwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Bwire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mayinja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Nakinsige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Nakiire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Namiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty","family":"Mbolanyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Mwebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Ademun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Atimnedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunday","family":"Kithula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Lubanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aggrey","family":"Ngobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enid","family":"Mbabazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Taremwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Turyatunga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Issa","family":"Makumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atek","family":"Kagirita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Mwebesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Muruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dathan M.","family":"Byonanebye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"Kakooza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Bakiika, MPH, BVM, PGDM&amp;E, is a Senior Technical Advisor, NAPHS &amp; One Health; Immaculate Nabukenya, PhD, Reuben Kiggundu MPH, MSc, MBChB, and Lydia Nakiire, MPH, FETP, are Epidemiologists; Godfrey Bongole and Geraldine Mukesha, MPH, are Monitoring and Evaluation Officers; Martha I. Achan, LLB, LLM, MPH, is a Legal Advisor; Justine Bukirwa, MBS, is a Technical Officer, Laboratory Systems; Gloria Namiya, BBA is an Administrator; Dathan M. Byonanebye, MD, PHD, is Deputy Head of Department; and Francis Kakooza, PHD, is Head of Department; all in the Global Health Security Department, Infectious Diseases Institute, Kampala, Uganda. Godfrey Bwire, MD, PhD, is an Assistant Commissioner; Harriet Mayinja is a Research Officer; Anne Nakinsige, MD, is Principal Epidemiologist; Sunday Kithula, MPH, MD, is a Senior Medical Officer; Allan Muruta, MPH, MD, is a commissioner; all in the Department of Integrated Epidemiology, Surveillance and Public Health Emergencies, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda. B..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-024-02476-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","unstructured":"2.Candeias V. The human costs of epidemics are going down but the economic costs are going up. Here\u2019s why. World Economic Forum. Published May 17 2018. Accessed November 6 2024. https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2018\/05\/how-epidemics-infect-the-global-economy-and-what-to-do-about-it\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","unstructured":"3.Patel SM Smith AH Bollbach K Clarke A. Mitigating socioeconomic impacts in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Published April 8 2020. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/www.bridgespan.org\/insights\/mitigating-socioeconomic-impacts-in-lmics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abl4183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","unstructured":"5.World Bank. Putting Pandemics Behind Us: Investing in One Health to Reduce Risks of Emerging Infectious Diseases. Washington DC: World Bank; 2022. Accessed June 11 2026. http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10986\/38200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.farsys.2023.100005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","unstructured":"7.World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Benchmarks for Strengthening Health Emergency Capacities. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/8883ae92-ecbe-4cc6-8ad4-500297ef1df9\/content"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","unstructured":"8.Global Health Security Agenda. Global Health Security Agenda: a partnership against global health threats. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/globalhealthsecurityagenda.org\/"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_10_1.1","unstructured":"9.World Health Organization (WHO). Joint External Evaluation of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Uganda. Mission Report: June 26-30 2017. Geneva: WHO"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_10_1.2","unstructured":"2017. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/e1f0d108-37bf-4102-a908-6958eadfb197\/content"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","unstructured":"10.Ministry of Health. National Action Plan for Health Security 2019-2023. Kampala: Ministry of Health; 2019. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/library.health.go.ug\/monitoring-and-evaluation\/work-plans\/national-action-plan-health-security-2019-2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2022.0107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9299.2011.01903.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/issj.12181"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","unstructured":"14.Resolve to Save Lives. Dedicated preparedness teams. Published August 2024. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/resolvetosavelives.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Dedicated-Preparedness-Teams.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2016.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","unstructured":"16.Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO). WIEGO Monitoring Learning and Evaluation Toolkit. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/www.wiego.org\/wiego-monitoring-learning-and-evaluation-toolkit\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","volume-title":"WIEGO Monitoring, Learning and Evaluation Toolkit: Tool 1. How to Write an Outcome Statement","author":"Klugman B","year":"2022","unstructured":"17.Klugman B, , Wilson-Grau C, ; Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO). WIEGO Monitoring, Learning and Evaluation Toolkit: Tool 1. How to Write an Outcome Statement. Manchester, UK: WIEGO: 2022. Accessed June 1, 2026. https:\/\/www.wiego.org\/wiego-monitoring-learning-and-evaluation-toolkit\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","unstructured":"18.Public Health (Amendment) Act 2023. The Uganda Gazette. March 24 2023. https:\/\/ulii.org\/en\/akn\/ug\/act\/2023\/4\/eng@2023-03-24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","unstructured":"19.Ministry of Health; Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries; Ministry of Water and Environment; Ministry of Tourism Wildlife and Antiquities. The National Medical Countermeasures Plan for Public Health Emergencies 2023-2028. One Health Approach: Towards a Sustainable Preparedness and Response to Public Health Emergencies. Kampala: Government of Uganda; 2023. Accessed July 13 2026. https:\/\/nms.go.ug\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/MCM-Plan-2024_Interative-Pages-Web1.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Boundary spanning in cross-sector collaboration: sensemaking and framing in a civil society public partnership beyond the crossroads","volume":"28","author":"H\u00f6gberg L","year":"2024","unstructured":"20.H\u00f6gberg L. Boundary spanning in cross-sector collaboration: sensemaking and framing in a civil society public partnership beyond the crossroads. Scandinavian J Public Adm. 2024;28(1):60-77.","journal-title":"Scandinavian J Public Adm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","unstructured":"21.Resolve to Save Lives. The 7-1-7 target. Accessed July 13 2026. https:\/\/resolvetosavelives.org\/how-we-save-lives\/epidemic-prevention\/7-1-7\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15555-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/medlaw\/fwx020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12961-022-00858-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15670-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2407.151830"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soh.2023.100050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19617-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00034-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/21820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00592-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-023-00999-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-024-01066-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","first-page":"qxae083","article-title":"Follow the money: a global analysis of funding dynamics for global health security","volume":"2","author":"Robertson H","year":"2024","unstructured":"35.Robertson H, , Graeden E, , Kerr J, , Van Maele M, , Katz R. Follow the money: a global analysis of funding dynamics for global health security. Health Aff Sch. 2024;2(6):qxae083.","journal-title":"Health Aff Sch."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2022-009228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","unstructured":"38.World Health Organization. National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS). Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/operations\/international-health-regulations-monitoring-evaluation-framework\/national-action-plan-for-health-security"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","unstructured":"39.World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa. Namibia launched the National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS). Published February 15 2021. Accessed November 28 2024. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/news\/namibia-launched-national-action-plan-health-security-naphs"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","unstructured":"40.World Health Organization (WHO). Working Together for Equity and Healthier Populations: Sustainable Multisectoral Collaboration Based on Health in All Policies Approaches. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Accessed June 11 2026. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240067530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-17103-7"}],"container-title":["Health Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23265094261464026","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23265094261464026","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23265094261464026","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T14:16:26Z","timestamp":1789740986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23265094261464026"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23265094261464026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23265094261464026","relation":{},"ISSN":["2326-5094","2326-5108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2326-5094","type":"print"},{"value":"2326-5108","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]}}}