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Consequently, determining the utility of specific medical surge practices for an LSCO is necessary to optimally prepare the NDMS for such an event. Lessons learned from prior medical surge events can inform LSCO preparations despite the contextual differences between the 2 scenarios. This case study builds on earlier analyses by the US Department of Defense\u2019s NDMS Pilot program to develop a set of evidence-based leading practices for improving medical surge response that can be used by healthcare facilities providing acute care during LSCO-related patient surges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23265094261490763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:02:04Z","timestamp":1792058524000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Adaptability of Medical Surge Preparedness Practices to Large-Scale Combat Operations"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Pranav P.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pranav P. Shetty, MD, MS, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA. Clark J. Lee, JD, PhD, MPH, is a Senior Research Associate; Michelle M. Kimball, MS, LTC USAR (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Deputy Director for Program Operations; Daphne Hurlock, MA, MAJ ARNG (ret.), is a Strategic Planning Specialist; Alison Ng, MS, is a Senior Assessment, Monitoring, and Evaluation Specialist; and Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, PhD, MPH, is Chief Scientific Officer; all at The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Clemia Anderson III, MPH, CAPT MSC USN (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Director, and Jeffrey D. Freeman, PhD, MPH, is Inaugural Executive Director and Special Assistant to the President; both at The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clark J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pranav P. Shetty, MD, MS, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA. Clark J. Lee, JD, PhD, MPH, is a Senior Research Associate; Michelle M. Kimball, MS, LTC USAR (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Deputy Director for Program Operations; Daphne Hurlock, MA, MAJ ARNG (ret.), is a Strategic Planning Specialist; Alison Ng, MS, is a Senior Assessment, Monitoring, and Evaluation Specialist; and Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, PhD, MPH, is Chief Scientific Officer; all at The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Clemia Anderson III, MPH, CAPT MSC USN (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Director, and Jeffrey D. Freeman, PhD, MPH, is Inaugural Executive Director and Special Assistant to the President; both at The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy H.","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pranav P. Shetty, MD, MS, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA. Clark J. Lee, JD, PhD, MPH, is a Senior Research Associate; Michelle M. Kimball, MS, LTC USAR (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Deputy Director for Program Operations; Daphne Hurlock, MA, MAJ ARNG (ret.), is a Strategic Planning Specialist; Alison Ng, MS, is a Senior Assessment, Monitoring, and Evaluation Specialist; and Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, PhD, MPH, is Chief Scientific Officer; all at The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Clemia Anderson III, MPH, CAPT MSC USN (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Director, and Jeffrey D. Freeman, PhD, MPH, is Inaugural Executive Director and Special Assistant to the President; both at The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Kimball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pranav P. Shetty, MD, MS, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA. Clark J. Lee, JD, PhD, MPH, is a Senior Research Associate; Michelle M. Kimball, MS, LTC USAR (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Deputy Director for Program Operations; Daphne Hurlock, MA, MAJ ARNG (ret.), is a Strategic Planning Specialist; Alison Ng, MS, is a Senior Assessment, Monitoring, and Evaluation Specialist; and Kaitlin Rainwater-Lovett, PhD, MPH, is Chief Scientific Officer; all at The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Clemia Anderson III, MPH, CAPT MSC USN (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Director, and Jeffrey D. 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Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. and The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. Clemia Anderson III, MPH, CAPT MSC USN (ret.), is former NDMS Pilot Director, and Jeffrey D. Freeman, PhD, MPH, is Inaugural Executive Director and Special Assistant to the President; both at The National Institute for Defense Health Cooperation, Uniformed Services University of the ..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pranav P. Shetty, MD, MS, MPH, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA. Clark J. Lee, JD, PhD, MPH, is a Senior Research Associate; Michelle M. 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