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Historically, oral rapamycin, a mammalian target of the rapamycin inhibitor of cell proliferation, has been used to treat visceral tuberous sclerosis\u2013related tumors; however, the side effect profile of this medicine generally precludes its use in patients lacking significant internal involvement. The authors developed a novel topical formulation of rapamycin cream to treat the facial angiofibroma without exposing patients to possible systemic side effects. We followed 11 patients in a long-term, open-label, prospective study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rapamycin cream when used chronically. All of the patients showed an improvement in the appearance of their facial angiofibroma which was maintained in long-term follow-up without safety concerns or systemic absorption. The novel rapamycin cream was tolerated well by all patients and represents a way to address the cutaneous manifestation of tuberous sclerosis complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2329048x19835047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1555290562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Long-Term Exposure and Safety of a Novel Topical Rapamycin Cream for the Treatment of Facial Angiofibromas in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Results From a Single-Center, Open-Label Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Wheless","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apana A.","family":"Takwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College 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