{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:54:03Z","timestamp":1791428043841,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012789","name":"veski","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"University PhD scholarship"},{"name":"Australian Fulbright Commission"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council Grant","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FT130101394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT130101394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>An experiment was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to image cortical activity in the language areas of cochlear implant (CI) users and to explore the association between the activity and their speech understanding ability. Using fNIRS, 15 experienced CI users and 14 normal-hearing participants were imaged while presented with either visual speech or auditory speech. Brain activation was measured from the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal lobe in both hemispheres, including the language-associated regions. In response to visual speech, the activation levels of CI users in an a priori region of interest (ROI)\u2014the left superior temporal gyrus or sulcus\u2014were negatively correlated with auditory speech understanding. This result suggests that increased cross-modal activity in the auditory cortex is predictive of poor auditory speech understanding. In another two ROIs, in which CI users showed significantly different mean activation levels in response to auditory speech compared with normal-hearing listeners, activation levels were significantly negatively correlated with CI users\u2019 auditory speech understanding. These ROIs were located in the right anterior temporal lobe (including a portion of prefrontal lobe) and the left middle superior temporal lobe. In conclusion, fNIRS successfully revealed activation patterns in CI users associated with their auditory speech understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518786850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]],"date-time":"2018-07-19T08:17:12Z","timestamp":1531988232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Cortical Speech Processing in Postlingually Deaf Adult Cochlear Implant Users, as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-947X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd-Krim","family":"Seghouane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamish","family":"Innes-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Litovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, WI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colette M.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bionics Institute of Australia, East Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Bionics, University of Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2331216518786850","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1086508X.2006.11079580"},{"key":"bibr2-2331216518786850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, C. A., Wiggins, I. M., Kitterick, P. T. & Hartley, D. E. H. 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