{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:57:54Z","timestamp":1777881474550,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Affective processing appears to be altered in tinnitus, and the condition is to a large extent characterized by the emotional reaction to the phantom sound. Psychophysiological models of tinnitus and supporting brain imaging studies have suggested a role for the limbic system in the emergence and maintenance of tinnitus. It is not clear whether the tinnitus-related changes in these systems are specific for tinnitus only, or whether they affect emotional processing more generally. In this study, we aimed to quantify possible deviations in affective processing in tinnitus patients by behavioral and physiological measures. Tinnitus patients rated the valence and arousal of sounds from the International Affective Digitized Sounds database. Sounds were chosen based on the normative valence ratings, that is, negative, neutral, or positive. The individual autonomic response was measured simultaneously with pupillometry. We found that the subjective ratings of the sounds by tinnitus patients differed significantly from the normative ratings. The difference was most pronounced for positive sounds, where sounds were rated lower on both valence and arousal scales. Negative and neutral sounds were rated differently only for arousal. Pupil measurements paralleled the behavioral results, showing a dampened response to positive sounds. Taken together, our findings suggest that affective processing is altered in tinnitus patients. The results are in line with earlier studies in depressed patients, which have provided evidence in favor of the so-called positive attenuation hypothesis of depression. Thus, the current results highlight the close link between tinnitus and depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518816215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]],"date-time":"2018-12-11T04:10:18Z","timestamp":1544501418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Attenuation of Positive Valence in Ratings of Affective Sounds by Tinnitus Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Annett","family":"Szibor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarmo","family":"Lehtim\u00e4ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Ear Institute, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Ylikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helsinki Ear Institute, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti A.","family":"Aarnisalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6922-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petteri","family":"Hyv\u00e4rinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Hearing Systems Group, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03655230600895226"},{"key":"bibr2-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.06.003"},{"key":"bibr3-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.009"},{"key":"bibr4-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.004"},{"key":"bibr5-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7"},{"key":"bibr6-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.101.1.37"},{"key":"bibr7-2331216518816215","unstructured":"Bradley, M. M. & Lang, P. J. 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(2014). Altered emotional reactivity in tinnitus sufferers. In Poster session presented at the XI international tinnitus seminar (ITS14), Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May 2018."},{"key":"bibr26-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2012.03.003"},{"key":"bibr27-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.2.512"},{"key":"bibr28-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90031-9"},{"key":"bibr29-2331216518816215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jastreboff, P. J. & Jastreboff, M. M. (2015).\n                      Decreased sound tolerance: Hyperacusis, misophonia, diplacousis, and polyacousis\n                      .\n                      The human Auditory System: Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders\n                      (1st ed., vol. 129). 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