{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:55:55Z","timestamp":1790430955009,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Nottingham Hospitals Charity","award":["PP-R PIERZYCKI-APR15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP-R PIERZYCKI-APR15"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clinical observations suggest that tinnitus may interfere with programming cochlear implants (CIs), the process of optimizing the transmission of acoustic information to support speech perception with a CI. Despite tinnitus being highly prevalent among CI users, its effects and impact on CI programming are obscure. This study characterized the nature, time-course, and impact of tinnitus effects encountered by audiologists and patients during programming appointments. Semistructured interviews with six CI audiologists were analyzed thematically to identify tinnitus effects on programming and related coping strategies. Cross-sectional surveys with 67 adult CI patients with tinnitus and 20 CI audiologists in the United Kingdom examined the prevalence and time-course of those effects. Programming parameters established at CI activation appointments of 10 patients with tinnitus were compared with those of 10 patients without tinnitus. On average, 80% of audiologists and 45% of patients reported that tinnitus makes measurements of threshold (T) levels more difficult because patients confuse their tinnitus with CI stimulation. Difficulties appeared most common at CI activation appointments, at which T levels were significantly higher in patients with tinnitus. On average, 26% of patients reported being afraid of \u201cloud\u201d CI stimulation worsening tinnitus, affecting measurements of loudest comfortable (C) stimulation levels, and 34% of audiologists reported observing similar effects. Patients and audiologists reported that tinnitus makes programming appointments more difficult and tiresome for patients. The findings suggest that specific programming strategies may be needed during CI programming with tinnitus, but further research is required to assess the potential impact on outcomes including speech perception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216519836624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,18]],"date-time":"2019-03-18T01:42:04Z","timestamp":1552873324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Effects of Tinnitus on Cochlear Implant Programming"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4471-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert H.","family":"Pierzycki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, UK"},{"name":"Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Corner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, UK"},{"name":"Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire A.","family":"Fielden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, UK"},{"name":"Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8383-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P\u00e1draig T.","family":"Kitterick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, UK"},{"name":"Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK"},{"name":"Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2331216519836624","unstructured":"Advanced Bionics Corp. (2006).\n                      New methodology for fitting cochlear implants\n                      . Retrieved from www.advancedbionics.com\/gb\/en\/home\/professionals\/document-library.html."},{"key":"bibr2-2331216519836624","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2005).\n                      Guidelines for manual pure-tone threshold audiometry\n                      . Retrieved from www.asha.org\/policy."},{"key":"bibr3-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)66033-6"},{"key":"bibr4-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60142-7"},{"key":"bibr5-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"bibr6-2331216519836624","unstructured":"British Society of Audiology. (2011a).\n                      Determination of uncomfortable loudness levels\n                      . Retrieved from www.thebsa.org.uk\/resources."},{"key":"bibr7-2331216519836624","unstructured":"British Society of Audiology. (2011b).\n                      Pure tone air and bone conduction threshold audiometry with and without masking\n                      . Retrieved from www.thebsa.org.uk\/resources."},{"key":"bibr8-2331216519836624","unstructured":"British Society of Audiology and British Academy of Audiology. (2008).\n                      Guidance on the use of real ear measurement to verify the fitting of digital signal processing hearing aids\n                      . Retrieved from www.thebsa.org.uk\/resources."},{"key":"bibr9-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000504"},{"key":"bibr10-2331216519836624","first-page":"274","volume-title":"Cochlear implants: A practical guide","author":"Craddock L. C.","year":"2006","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr11-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100069838"},{"key":"bibr12-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19941001)74:7+<2139::AID-CNCR2820741722>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"bibr13-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/cli.12.129"},{"key":"bibr14-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.06.096"},{"key":"bibr15-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200112000-00004"},{"key":"bibr16-2331216519836624","unstructured":"IBM Corp. (Released 2016).\n                      IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0\n                      . Armonk, NY: IBM Corp."},{"key":"bibr17-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-005-0044-1"},{"key":"bibr18-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912375"},{"key":"bibr19-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/79.708543"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr20-2331216519836624","first-page":"CD005233","author":"Martinez-Devesa P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"bibr21-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2014.00196"},{"key":"bibr22-2331216519836624","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2009). Cochlear implants for children and adults with severe to profound deafness.\n                      NICE Technology Appraisal Guidance 166\n                      . Retrieved from www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ta166."},{"key":"bibr23-2331216519836624","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2017).\n                      Clinical knowledge summaries: Tinnitus\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/cks.nice.org.uk\/tinnitus#!backgroundsub."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr24-2331216519836624","first-page":"5","volume":"24","author":"Peretz B.","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"bibr25-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087350"},{"key":"bibr26-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081283"},{"key":"bibr27-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000341"},{"key":"bibr28-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25370"},{"key":"bibr29-2331216519836624","unstructured":"Seidman, M. D. (2017).\n                      BMJ best practice: Tinnitus\n                      . Retrieved from www.bestpractice.bmj.com\/topics\/en-gb\/2364."},{"key":"bibr30-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814545325"},{"key":"bibr31-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4802.150"},{"key":"bibr32-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1095892"},{"key":"bibr33-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000134549.48718.53"},{"key":"bibr34-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/501738"},{"key":"bibr35-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2746-z"},{"key":"bibr36-2331216519836624","volume-title":"Programming cochlear implants","author":"Wolfe J.","year":"2014","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr37-2331216519836624","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.03.010"}],"container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2331216519836624","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2331216519836624","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2331216519836624","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:44:18Z","timestamp":1777596258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2331216519836624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2331216519836624"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2331216519836624","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-2165","2331-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"2331-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"article-number":"2331216519836624"}}