{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T11:03:57Z","timestamp":1793963037680,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1601056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1601056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S003576\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S003576\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During a hearing-aid fitting, the gain applied across frequencies is often adjusted from an initial prescription in order to meet individual needs and preferences. These gain adjustments in one or more frequency bands are commonly verified using speech in quiet (e.g., the clinician\u2019s own voice). Such adjustments may be unreliable and inefficient if they are not discriminable. To examine what adjustments are discriminable when made to speech, this study measured the just-noticeable differences (JNDs) for gain increments in male, single-talker sentences. Sentences were presented with prescribed gains to the better ears of 41 hearing-impaired listeners. JNDs were measured at d\u2019 of 1 for octave-band, dual-octave-band, and broadband increments using a fixed-level, same-different task. The JNDs and interquartile ranges for 0.25, 1, and 4\u2009kHz octave-band increments were 6.3 [4.0\u20137.8], 6.7 [4.6\u20139.1], and 9.6 [7.3\u201312.4] dB, respectively. The JNDs and interquartile ranges for low-, mid-, and high-frequency dual-octave-band increments were 3.7 [2.5\u20134.6], 3.8 [2.9\u20134.7], and 6.8 [4.7\u20139.1] dB, respectively. The JND for broadband increments was 2.0 [1.5\u20132.7] dB. High-frequency dual-octave-band JNDs were positively correlated with high-frequency pure-tone thresholds and sensation levels, suggesting an effect of audibility for this condition. All other JNDs were independent of pure-tone threshold and sensation level. JNDs were independent of age and hearing-aid experience. These results suggest using large initial adjustments when using short sentences in a hearing-aid fitting to ensure patient focus, followed by smaller subsequent adjustments, if necessary, to ensure audibility, comfort, and stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216519886684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T06:33:18Z","timestamp":1574058798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Discrimination of Gain Increments in Speech"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-3860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Caswell-Midwinter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK"},{"name":"College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8618-6851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William M.","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK"},{"name":"College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013552"},{"key":"bibr2-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16107"},{"key":"bibr3-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03005367909078884"},{"key":"bibr4-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.394753"},{"key":"bibr5-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-16-0125"},{"key":"bibr6-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713811424884"},{"key":"bibr7-2331216519886684","unstructured":"British Academy of Audiology. (2016).\n                      Guidance for audiologists: Onward referral of adults with hearing difficulty directly referred to audiology services\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.baaudiology.org\/files\/4614\/7828\/2156\/BAA_Guidance_for_Onward_Referral_of_Adults_with_Hearing_Difficulty_Directly_Referred_to_Audiology_2016.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-2331216519886684","unstructured":"British Society of Audiology. (2011).\n                      Pure-tone air-conduction and bone-conduction threshold audiometry with and without masking\n                      . Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thebsa.org.uk\/resources\/"},{"key":"bibr9-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198608000-00007"},{"key":"bibr10-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.410152"},{"key":"bibr11-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1741117","volume":"12","author":"Byrne D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"bibr12-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518820220"},{"key":"bibr13-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2001\/001)"},{"key":"bibr14-2331216519886684","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.405456"},{"key":"bibr15-2331216519886684","volume-title":"Symposium on hearing aid technology: Its present and future","author":"Demorest M. 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