{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:16:55Z","timestamp":1787019415968,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While listening to recorded sentences with a sound-field level of 65\u2009dB SPL, 24 adults with hearing-aid experience used the \u201cGoldilocks\u201d explore-and-select procedure to adjust level and spectrum of amplified speech to preference. All participants started adjustment from the same generic response. Amplification was provided by a custom-built Master Hearing Aid with online processing of microphone input. Primary goals were to assess the effects of including a formal speech-perception test between repeated self-adjustments and of adding multitalker babble (signal-to-noise ratio +6\u2009dB) during self-adjustment. The speech test did not affect group-mean self-adjusted output, which was close to the National Acoustics Laboratories\u2019 prescription for Non-Linear hearing aids. Individuals, however, showed a wide range of deviations from this prescription. Extreme deviations at the first self-adjustment fell by a small but significant amount at the second. The multitalker babble had negligible effect on group-mean self-selected output but did have predictable effects on word recognition in sentences and on participants\u2019 opinion regarding the most important subjective criterion guiding self-adjustment. Phoneme recognition in monosyllabic words was better with the generic starting response than without amplification and improved further after self-adjustment. The findings continue to support the efficacy of hearing aid self-fitting, at least for level and spectrum. They do not support the need for inclusion of a formal speech-perception test, but they do support the value of completing more than one self-adjustment. Group-mean data did not indicate a need for threshold-based prescription as a starting point for self-adjustment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216520930545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T05:45:07Z","timestamp":1592545507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Hearing Aid Self-Adjustment: Effects of Formal Speech-Perception Test and Noise"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4789-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol L.","family":"Mackersie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3103-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Boothroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University"},{"name":"Qualcomm Institute of Calit2, University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harinath","family":"Garudadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qualcomm Institute of Calit2, University of California, San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"bibr1-2331216520930545","first-page":"32","volume":"24","author":"Abrams H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hearing Review"},{"key":"bibr2-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216519858301"},{"key":"bibr3-2331216520930545","unstructured":"ANSI (2014).\n                      Specification of hearing aid characteristics (ANSI S3.22-2014) New York, NY, American National Standards Institute\n                      ."},{"key":"bibr4-2331216520930545","unstructured":"ANSI (1997).\n                      Methods for the calculation the speech intelligibility index (ANSI S3.5 -1997 R2012) New York, NY, American National Standards Institute\n                      ."},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr5-2331216520930545","first-page":"12","volume":"26","author":"Balling L. W.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hearing Review"},{"key":"bibr6-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2018.06.008"},{"key":"bibr7-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00381796809075436"},{"key":"bibr8-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318174f067"},{"key":"bibr9-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198812000-00006"},{"key":"bibr10-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-16-0125"},{"key":"bibr11-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.396976"},{"key":"bibr12-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001959"},{"key":"bibr13-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2018_AJA-18-0027"},{"key":"bibr14-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.19.9.3"},{"key":"bibr15-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199504000-00005"},{"key":"bibr16-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31816453a6"},{"key":"bibr17-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSSC.2017.8335694"},{"key":"bibr18-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289823"},{"key":"bibr19-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198812000-00010"},{"key":"bibr20-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264309347821"},{"key":"bibr21-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2017_AJA-16-0111"},{"key":"bibr22-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216519847413"},{"key":"bibr23-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518768958"},{"key":"bibr24-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2951500"},{"key":"bibr25-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/audiores.2011.e24"},{"key":"bibr26-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1084713810385712"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr27-2331216520930545","first-page":"14","volume":"17","author":"Kochkin S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hearing Review"},{"key":"bibr28-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr002"},{"key":"bibr29-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000617"},{"key":"bibr30-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1745625"},{"key":"bibr31-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.19.10.4"},{"key":"bibr32-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"bibr33-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518798264"},{"key":"bibr34-2331216520930545","unstructured":"Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act of 2017, S.670. Amendment of Section 520 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360j). (2017)."},{"key":"bibr35-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216519837124"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr36-2331216520930545","first-page":"12","volume":"26","author":"Powers T. A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hearing Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr37-2331216520930545","first-page":"94","volume":"3","author":"Punch J. L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"bibr38-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199402000-00006"},{"key":"bibr39-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.6905"},{"key":"bibr40-2331216520930545","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"Sacco G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"bibr100-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sherbecoe R.L. and Studebaker G.A. (2002) Audibility-index functions for the connected speech test.\n                      Ear and Hearing, 23\n                      , 385\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003446-200210000-0000","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200210000-00001"},{"key":"bibr41-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.00526"},{"key":"bibr42-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518809737"},{"key":"bibr43-2331216520930545","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001913"}],"container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2331216520930545","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2331216520930545","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2331216520930545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:45:21Z","timestamp":1777596321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2331216520930545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2331216520930545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2331216520930545","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-2165","2331-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"2331-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"article-number":"2331216520930545"}}