{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:35:59Z","timestamp":1791934559677,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]],"date-time":"2022-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TBM-FWO Grant - Research Foundation-Flanders","award":["T002216N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T002216N"]}]},{"name":"Legaat Ghislaine Heylen (Tyberghein)."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A tablet-based language-independent self-test involving the recognition of ecological sounds in background noise, the Sound Ear Check (SEC), was adapted to make it feasible for young children. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment investigated the SEC\u2018s feasibility, as well as its sensitivity and specificity for detecting childhood hearing loss with a monaural adaptive test procedure. In the second experiment, the SEC sounds, noise, and test format were adapted based on the findings of the first experiment. The adaptations were combined with three test procedures, one similar to the one used in Experiment 1, one presenting the sounds dichotically in diotic noise, and one presenting all the sounds with a fixed signal-to-noise ratio and a stopping rule. Results in young children show high sensitivity and specificity to detect different grades of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss (70\u201390%). When using an adaptive, monaural procedure, the test duration was approximately 6 min, and 17% of the results obtained were unreliable. Adaptive staircase analyses showed that the unreliable results probably occur due to attention\/motivation loss. The test duration could be reduced to 3-4 min with adapted test formats without decreasing the test-retest reliability. The unreliable test results could be reduced from 17% to as low as 5%. However, dichotic presentation requires longer training, reducing the dichotic test format\u2018s feasibility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165221122587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,17]],"date-time":"2022-09-17T01:06:17Z","timestamp":1663376777000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Language-Independent Hearing Screening \u2013 Increasing the Feasibility of a Hearing Screening Self-Test at School-Entry"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6352-0500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elien","family":"Van den Borre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group ExpORL, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8692-4452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group ExpORL, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Zupan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ear, nose, and throat, General Hospital Celje, Celje, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan A. P. M.","family":"de laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Audiology (ear, nose, and throat), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Bo\u017eani\u0107 Urban\u010di\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"van Wieringen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group ExpORL, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Wouters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Research Group ExpORL, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)30843-0"},{"key":"bibr2-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2016.02.010"},{"key":"bibr3-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-198501000-00012"},{"key":"bibr4-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199810000-00001"},{"key":"bibr5-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219600"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr6-23312165221122587","first-page":"275","volume":"17","author":"Danhauer J. L.","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Journal of Auditory Research"},{"key":"bibr7-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216519866566"},{"key":"bibr8-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000563"},{"issue":"0","key":"bibr9-23312165221122587","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"Denys S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"bibr10-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000775"},{"key":"bibr11-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31803153f8"},{"key":"bibr12-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1906605"},{"key":"bibr13-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7312.536"},{"key":"bibr14-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1916407"},{"key":"bibr15-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4740500"},{"key":"bibr16-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908699"},{"key":"bibr17-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(02)00797-9"},{"key":"bibr18-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1944567"},{"key":"bibr19-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061548"},{"key":"bibr21-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020903431272"},{"key":"bibr525-23312165221122587","author":"Koch K. R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Introduction to Bayesian statistics"},{"key":"bibr22-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099809072984"},{"key":"bibr23-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912375"},{"key":"bibr24-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.12.022"},{"key":"bibr25-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.3.e43"},{"key":"bibr26-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2003.08.015"},{"key":"bibr27-23312165221122587","first-page":"1","author":"Moore D. R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"bibr28-23312165221122587","volume":"7","author":"Myers L. L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of American Academy of Audiology"},{"key":"bibr29-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000095004"},{"key":"bibr30-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010271"},{"key":"bibr31-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.12.004"},{"key":"bibr32-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307516"},{"key":"bibr33-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381753"},{"key":"bibr34-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.392198"},{"key":"bibr35-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1059-0889(2013\/13-0013)"},{"key":"bibr36-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_AJA-14-0065"},{"key":"bibr37-23312165221122587","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R. R studio","author":"RStudio","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr38-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71047-3"},{"key":"bibr39-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000446"},{"key":"bibr40-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200502000-00008"},{"key":"bibr41-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050004"},{"key":"bibr42-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2015.1137362"},{"key":"bibr43-23312165221122587","first-page":"1","author":"Van den Borre E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"bibr44-23312165221122587","first-page":"1","volume":"2014","author":"Venekamp R. P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ Clinical Evidence"},{"key":"bibr45-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2116"},{"key":"bibr46-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_AJA-15-0060"},{"key":"bibr47-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1727274"},{"key":"bibr48-23312165221122587","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). Hearing screening: Considerations for implementation.\n                      Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3\n                      .\n                      0 IGO\n                      ."},{"key":"bibr49-23312165221122587","author":"Wouters J.","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFAS Working Group on School Age Hearing Screening"},{"key":"bibr50-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2473974X20923580"},{"key":"bibr51-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2001.0075"},{"key":"bibr52-23312165221122587","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.5.1161"}],"container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165221122587","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23312165221122587","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165221122587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:47:16Z","timestamp":1777596436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23312165221122587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23312165221122587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23312165221122587","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-2165","2331-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"2331-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"article-number":"23312165221122587"}}