{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T02:46:25Z","timestamp":1785379585468,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG018286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG018286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG02982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG02982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG050595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG050595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG055367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG055367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG064955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG064955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG076838"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG076838"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Over 430 million people worldwide experience disabling hearing loss, a condition that becomes more prevalent with age. Although the genetic component to hearing loss has been well established, there has been less data available regarding changes in the genetic contributions to hearing loss over time. We report the pure tone hearing thresholds across 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 Hz from over 1,000 male twins comprising monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) pairs sampled from the United States-based Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). Twins were tested during three waves, at an average age of 56 at wave 1, an average age of 62 at wave 2, and an average age of 68 at wave 3. Genetically informed structural equation models were used to calculate the genetic contributions. Genetic factors accounted for between 49.4% and 67.7% of the variance in hearing acuity for all frequencies at all three time points. There was no substantial change in the ratio of genetic versus environmental contributions across the three time points, or across individual acoustic frequencies. The stability of hearing acuity over time was moderate to highly attributable to genetic factors. Change in hearing acuity was better explained by unique person-specific environmental factors. These results, from the largest-scale twin study of hearing acuity to date, replicate previous findings that hearing acuity in late life is significantly determined by genetic factors. The unique contribution of the present analysis is that the proportion of hearing acuity attributed to genetics remains relatively consistent across 12 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165251320156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T14:50:17Z","timestamp":1745419817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Age-Related Hearing Loss: Results from a Longitudinal Twin Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1042-0466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan M.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandeis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3887-3483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur","family":"Wingfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandeis University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-1755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carol E.","family":"Franz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S.","family":"Kremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Diego"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)31123-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Bates D. M. (2010). Ime4: Mixed-effects modeling with R."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.2"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu245","article-title":"The role of genetic factors for hearing deterioration across 20 years: A twin study","volume":"70","author":"Bogo R.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bogo R., Farah A., Johnson A. C., Karlsson K. K., Pedersen N. L., Svartengren M., Skj\u00f6nsberg \u00c5 (2015). The role of genetic factors for hearing deterioration across 20 years: A twin study. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 70(5), 647\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glu245","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41431-020-0603-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009713"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001494"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00593-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000610"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000004591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2013.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(03)00032-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.132.5.506"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000313"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical audiology","author":"Harrell R. W.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harrell R. W. (2002). Pure tone evaluation. In Katz J. (Ed.), Handbook of clinical audiology (pp. 71\u201387). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"368","article-title":"The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: A resource for medical research","volume":"105","author":"Henderson W. G.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Henderson W. G., Eisen S. F., Goldberg J., True W. R., Barnes J. E., Vitek M. (1990). The Vietnam Era Twin Registry: A resource for medical research. Public Health Reports, 105(4), 368\u2013373.","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006371"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-012-0406-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199704000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2010.3.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2019.125"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.9.6.1009"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr115","article-title":"Hearing loss and cognition among older adults in the United States","volume":"66","author":"Lin F. R.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin F. R. (2011). Hearing loss and cognition among older adults in the United States. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences, 66(10), 1131\u20131136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glr115","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.362"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01406-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01296-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000209"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08494"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-014-9435-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","unstructured":"R Core Team (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health characteristics of adults aged 55 years and over: United States, 2004\u20132007","volume":"16","author":"Schoenborn C. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schoenborn C. A., Heyman K. M. (2009). Health characteristics of adults aged 55 years and over: United States, 2004\u20132007. National Health Statistics Reports, 16, 1\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/e623972009-001","journal-title":"National Health Statistics Reports"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220127912"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-016-0596-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","author":"Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) Investigators","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) Investigators (2025). Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) dataset. University of California San Diego. https:\/\/psychiatry.ucsd.edu\/research\/programs-centers\/vetsa\/index.html","journal-title":"Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) dataset. University of California San Diego"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.4.447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","unstructured":"Voronin I. (2024). TwinAnalysis (Version 0.3.0) [R package]. GitHub. https:\/\/github.com\/IvanVoronin\/TwinAnalysis."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.11.1294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035500"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2024). Deafness and Hearing Loss. WHO website. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/deafness-and-hearing-loss. Updated March 20 2023. Accessed October 28 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008222"}],"container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165251320156","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23312165251320156","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165251320156","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:49:50Z","timestamp":1777596590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23312165251320156"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23312165251320156"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23312165251320156","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-2165","2331-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"2331-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"article-number":"23312165251320156"}}