{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T08:01:53Z","timestamp":1777881713605,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["349-2007-8654"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["349-2007-8654"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VR-2017-06092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VR-2017-06092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2012-1693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012-1693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021851","name":"William Demant Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-1640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-1640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) often leads to hearing difficulties, impacting communication and daily functioning even among hearing-aid users. While hearing loss and cognitive functions, such as cognitive shifting ability, have been proposed as predictors of hearing difficulties, their specific contributions remain unclear. This study investigated whether hearing loss and cognitive shifting ability predict self-reported hearing difficulties across the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale questionnaire (SSQ) subscales in adults with ARHL who use hearing aids, and whether sex moderates these associations, while controlling for age and level of education. A total of 215 adults underwent audiometry, completed a cognitive flexibility task, and answered the SSQ questionnaire, of which 203 (89 females) were included in our analysis. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that less hearing loss predicted lower levels of hearing difficulties in the three subscales of the SSQ, and higher education level was a significant predictor of less reported difficulties in the Speech and Spatial subscales. Contrary to our expectations, cognitive shifting ability was not associated with hearing difficulties in any subscale, nor did sex moderate the associations between cognitive shifting ability, degree of hearing loss and hearing difficulties. The findings highlight the influence of hearing loss and education on self-reported hearing difficulties and suggest that cognitive shifting ability does not play a significant role. Future studies should explore other cognitive and demographic factors that might contribute to hearing difficulties in hearing-aid users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165261433705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T17:24:47Z","timestamp":1773768287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Shifting Ability Does Not Predict Self-Perceived Hearing Difficulties in Adult Hearing-Aid Users"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5824-7060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Molinari Luccini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0446-0827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Danielsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0369-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Stenb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7693-1122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine Hoi Ning","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University"},{"name":"Oticon A\/S, Sm\u00f8rum, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1896-8250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emil","family":"Holmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Link\u00f6ping University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2024.2442735"},{"issue":"03","key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","article-title":"Study of speech recognition in noise and working memory in adults and elderly with normal hearing","volume":"28","author":"Akashi D. A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Akashi D. A., Martinelli M. C. (2024). Study of speech recognition in noise and working memory in adults and elderly with normal hearing. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 28(03), e473\u2013e480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1779432","journal-title":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1077409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2013.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0668-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18800-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","article-title":"Age-Related hearing loss","volume":"9","author":"Bowl M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowl M., Dawson S. (2018). Age-Related hearing loss. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 9, a033217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a033217","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610219001662"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-022440"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216517744675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012023.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.22.8.7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-023-02223-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-024-03851-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1270-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000075"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0182718"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2306778"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.1246"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7175-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2024_JSLHR-24-00465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","volume-title":"Exploring the Validity of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Questionnaire in Swedish: A Psychometric Analysis [Poster]International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research, Nyborg Strand","author":"Marsja E.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marsja E., Luccini F., Stenb\u00e4ck V., Holmer E., Danielsson H. (2023, August 23). Exploring the Validity of the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Questionnaire in Swedish: A Psychometric Analysis [Poster]. International Symposium on Auditory and Audiological Research, Nyborg Strand, Denmark."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.769066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001596"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1999.0734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.16061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14992027.2013.781278"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.24647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1981-22562017020.160077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_1","unstructured":"Posit Team. (2025). RStudio: Integrated development environment for R [Computer software]. Posit Software PBC. http:\/\/www.posit.co\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-020-00402-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1140500"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2025). R: A language and environment for statistical computing [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.124.2.207"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1219775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.967260"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/2025_AJA-25-00024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2023.108814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics6010022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929054985419"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031030"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.15009"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_2_57_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R","volume":"45","author":"van Buuren S.","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S., Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. (2011). Mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 45(3), 1\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18063\/ijps.v8i1.1308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF). https:\/\/www.who.int\/standards\/classifications\/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2021 May 24). Gender and health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/questions-and-answers\/item\/gender-and-health"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1253574"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2013\/12-0268)"}],"container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165261433705","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23312165261433705","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165261433705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:50:56Z","timestamp":1777596656000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23312165261433705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23312165261433705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23312165261433705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-2165","2331-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"2331-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"23312165261433705"}}