{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T05:27:22Z","timestamp":1793683642761,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIDCD R01DC020506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDCD R01DC020506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIDCD T32DC000046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIDCD T32DC000046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cochlear implants (CIs) effectively restore speech understanding in quiet for many recipients. However, bilateral CI listeners continue to perform poorer than acoustic-hearing listeners on spatial-hearing tasks such as sound localization. One explanation is that stimulation strategies and the lack of coordination across sound processors degrade the fidelity of binaural cues. To provide further insight on this issue, this study compared the binaural cues transmitted by two CI stimulation strategies: a spectral peak-picking stimulation strategy and a constantly stimulating strategy. Two clinical CI sound processors were placed on a binaural manikin centered in a horizontal ring of loudspeakers in an anechoic chamber. Speech and non-speech stimuli were presented from the loudspeakers and the resulting electrical pulse trains were recorded. Envelope interaural time differences and interaural level differences were extracted from the recordings. Binaural cues were compared between the two stimulation strategies and against acoustic cues measured using behind-the-ear microphones. Results showed that, compared to the constantly stimulating strategy, the spectral peak-picking strategy led to more variable and less monotonic binaural cues, which could constrain sound-localization abilities. These findings highlight the need for bilateral coordination of CIs in multiple domains, including electrode selection in peak-picking stimulation strategies and pulse timing. (198\/250).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165261466807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T10:22:49Z","timestamp":1784629369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transmission of Binaural Cues by Bilateral Cochlear Implants: A Comparison of Spectral Peak-Picking and Constantly Stimulating Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5751-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul G.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0838-2894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2662-3057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Goupell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165241229880"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3298451"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211018147"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1497620"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3641400"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000346933"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216516668303"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4795778"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000001179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0019879"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000444740"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211014139"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1909356"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2021.108313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-024-00949-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31806dc21a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211030411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1928135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2875229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAU.1969.1162058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/APSIPA.2018.8659694"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/298605"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Auditory model-based sound direction estimation with bilateral cochlear implants","volume":"19","author":"Kelvasa D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelvasa D., Dietz M. (2015). Auditory model-based sound direction estimation with bilateral cochlear implants. Trends in Hearing, 19(1), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2331216515616378","journal-title":"Trends in Hearing"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318257607b"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-013-0378-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0015246"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381498"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2014.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aud.0000145124.85517.e8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3036175"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3294654"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1471898"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2022.2155880"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0001088"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","first-page":"034403","article-title":"Wave interference at the contralateral ear helps explain non-monotonic envelope interaural time differences as a function of azimuth","volume":"3","author":"Mayo P. G.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mayo P. G., Brown A. D., Goupell M. J. (2023). Wave interference at the contralateral ear helps explain non-monotonic envelope interaural time differences as a function of azimuth. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Express Letters, 3, 034403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1121\/10.0017631","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Express Letters"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/10.0008971"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","unstructured":"Meskins W. Nyguard T. M. (2015). Synchronization in a bilateral auditory prosthesis system (8 pp. 953\u2013960). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1907864"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211030166"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000130793.20444.50"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improving localization and speech reception in noise for bilateral cochlear implant recipients","volume":"23","author":"Potts W. B.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Potts W. B., Ramanna L., Perry T., Long C. J. (2019). Improving localization and speech reception in noise for bilateral cochlear implant recipients. Trends in Hearing, 23(3), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2331216519831492","journal-title":"Trends in Hearing"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","volume-title":"Cochlear Implant Modeling: Stimulation and Power Consumption","author":"Saba R.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saba R. (2012). Cochlear Implant Modeling: Stimulation and Power Consumption: University of Southampton. Ph.D. thesis."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2647868.2655045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2416697122"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2821965"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1776192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200206000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.20.11.593"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2139653"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200012000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000185073.81070.07"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1121\/1.402445"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_4_57_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Coherent Coding of Enhanced Interaural Cues Improves Sound Localization in Noise With Bilateral Cochlear Implants","volume":"22","author":"Williges B.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williges B., J\u00fcrgens T., Hu H., Dietz M. (2018). Coherent Coding of Enhanced Interaural Cues Improves Sound Localization in Noise With Bilateral Cochlear Implants. Trends in Hearing, 22(4), 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2331216518781746","journal-title":"Trends in Hearing"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/352236a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000000841"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1177\/23312165261505090","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793577600000}}],"container-title":["Trends in Hearing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165261466807","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23312165261466807","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23312165261466807","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:56:21Z","timestamp":1793681781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23312165261466807"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23312165261466807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23312165261466807","relation":{},"ISSN":["2331-2165","2331-2165"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2331-2165","type":"print"},{"value":"2331-2165","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"23312165261466807"}}