{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:46:39Z","timestamp":1753883199212,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"The Norwegian Research council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Project number 190420\/V50."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project number 190420\/V50."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title><jats:p> In Norway, disability pension (DP) has been more prevalent over the later years, with mental disorders being a frequent cause. Previous analyses have questioned whether receiving DP is beneficial for mental health by considering changes in antidepressant drug consumption. To explore this further, we examined changes in antianxiety and hypnotic drug consumption following DP onset. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title><jats:p> Based on national Norwegian register data, this retrospective study encompassed 8617 working-age individuals (25-50 years) who became DP during 2005 to 2013. We compared their benzodiazepines (BZD) and Z-hypnotic consumption 1 year pre- and postdisability pension onset. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p> About 80% of the individuals did not change their altogether benzodiazepine\/Z-hypnotic consumption. Among individuals with an initial consumption \u22641 defined daily dose (DDD), 18.9% increased their consumption to above 1 DDD. Individuals in the age-group 45 to 50 versus 24 to 34 years had a lower risk of dose escalation (odds ratio [OR], 0.756, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.601-0.957). Individuals who used Z-hypnotics only had a higher risk of dose escalation compared to the joint benzodiazepine\/Z-hypnotic user group (OR, 1.594, 95%CI: 1.284-1.970). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p> In general, we cannot see that DP is associated with changes in benzodiazepine\/Z-hypnotic consumption, but younger users and individuals using Z-hypnotics only had a greater risk of dose escalation compared to the older users and users with combined BZD and Z-hypnotic use. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2333392818792683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T15:09:15Z","timestamp":1535555355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mental Health and Disability Pension Onset"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ingunn Fride","family":"Tvete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trine","family":"Bj\u00f8rner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, Institute of Health and Society, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tor","family":"Skomedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3338"},{"journal-title":"Mental Health and Work: Norway","year":"2013","author":"OECD","key":"bibr2-2333392818792683"},{"key":"bibr3-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OECD Sickness, Disability and Work. Breaking the Barriers. A Synthesis of Findings Across OECD Countries. 2010. doi:10.1787\/9789264088856-en.","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264088856-en"},{"key":"bibr4-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042567"},{"key":"bibr5-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1756"},{"key":"bibr6-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-145"},{"key":"bibr7-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31819cc772"},{"key":"bibr8-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009114"},{"key":"bibr9-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31821c41bd"},{"key":"bibr10-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3290"},{"key":"bibr11-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494808101372"},{"key":"bibr12-2333392818792683","unstructured":"Hartz I, Tverdal A, Skurtveit S. Langtidsbruk av BZD i kombinasjon med opioider og z-hypnotika blant uf\u00f8retrygdede i Norge. Norsk Farmaceutisk Tidsskrift, 2011 [In Norwegian]."},{"key":"bibr13-2333392818792683","unstructured":"Statistics Norway (SSB): http:\/\/www.ssb.no\/. Accessed February 2018."},{"key":"bibr14-2333392818792683","unstructured":"The Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD): http:\/\/www.norpd.no. Accessed February 2018."},{"key":"bibr15-2333392818792683","unstructured":"DDD: http:\/\/www.whocc.no\/ddd\/definition_and_general_considera\/. Accessed February 2018."},{"key":"bibr16-2333392818792683","unstructured":"The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/advice\/ktt6\/chapter\/evidence-context. Accessed February 2018."},{"volume-title":"Akaike Information Criterion Statistics","year":"1986","author":"Sakamoto Y","key":"bibr17-2333392818792683"},{"key":"bibr18-2333392818792683","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http:\/\/www.R-project.org\/, R version 3.1.1."},{"key":"bibr19-2333392818792683","unstructured":"Step-funksjon i R: https:\/\/stat.ethz.ch\/R-manual\/R-devel\/library\/stats\/html\/step.html. Accessed February 2018."},{"key":"bibr20-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.11.0321"},{"key":"bibr21-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02813432.2015.1117282"},{"key":"bibr22-2333392818792683","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02813432.2017.1358436"}],"container-title":["Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333392818792683","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2333392818792683","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333392818792683","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T18:57:04Z","timestamp":1728413824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2333392818792683"}},"subtitle":["Changes in Consumption of Antianxiety and Hypnotic Drugs"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2333392818792683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333392818792683","relation":{},"ISSN":["2333-3928","2333-3928"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2333-3928"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2333-3928"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"article-number":"2333392818792683"}}