{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:26:48Z","timestamp":1790807208658,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a potentially reversible neurodegenerative disease commonly characterized by a triad of dementia, gait, and urinary disturbance. Advancements in diagnosis and treatment have aided in properly identifying and improving symptoms in patients. However, a large proportion of iNPH patients remain either undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Using PubMed search engine of keywords \u201cnormal pressure hydrocephalus,\u201d \u201cdiagnosis,\u201d \u201cshunt treatment,\u201d \u201cbiomarkers,\u201d \u201cgait disturbances,\u201d \u201ccognitive function,\u201d \u201cneuropsychology,\u201d \u201cimaging,\u201d and \u201cpathogenesis,\u201d articles were obtained for this review. The majority of the articles were retrieved from the past 10 years. The purpose of this review article is to aid general practitioners in further understanding current findings on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of iNPH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2333721416643702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1461202508000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Basant R.","family":"Nassar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol F.","family":"Lippa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196507152730301"},{"key":"bibr2-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A0739"},{"key":"bibr3-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.11.019"},{"key":"bibr4-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-11-10"},{"key":"bibr5-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-013-0975-3"},{"key":"bibr6-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20130173"},{"key":"bibr7-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2006.08.007"},{"key":"bibr8-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e31828e949b"},{"key":"bibr9-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610212001068"},{"key":"bibr10-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnn.0000124916.16017.6a"},{"key":"bibr11-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-011-0871-1"},{"key":"bibr12-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302263"},{"key":"bibr13-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/028418519303400403","volume":"34","author":"Greitz D.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Radiologica"},{"key":"bibr14-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000306100.83882.81"},{"key":"bibr15-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000325258.16934.BB"},{"key":"bibr16-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.48.197"},{"key":"bibr17-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.11.010"},{"key":"bibr18-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-008-1044-4"},{"key":"bibr19-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000342"},{"key":"bibr20-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2012.01644.x"},{"key":"bibr21-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181ff9d01"},{"key":"bibr22-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00046-0"},{"key":"bibr23-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/791491"},{"key":"bibr24-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000168187.01077.2F"},{"key":"bibr25-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2007.12.019"},{"key":"bibr26-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/312526"},{"key":"bibr27-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303936"},{"key":"bibr28-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.102.6.0987"},{"key":"bibr29-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000090510"},{"key":"bibr30-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000093326.88757.49"},{"key":"bibr31-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.3.0455"},{"key":"bibr32-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091974"},{"key":"bibr33-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-12-S1-O55"},{"key":"bibr34-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328924"},{"key":"bibr35-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20547"},{"key":"bibr36-2333721416643702","first-page":"61","volume":"82","author":"Salzman B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr37-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1616"},{"key":"bibr38-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0058-2"},{"key":"bibr39-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00487-3"},{"key":"bibr40-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000087092"},{"key":"bibr41-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e318208f5e0"},{"key":"bibr42-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0460.1000150"},{"key":"bibr43-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214000416"},{"key":"bibr44-2333721416643702","first-page":"1071","volume":"70","author":"Verrees M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr45-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.138"},{"key":"bibr46-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4046"},{"key":"bibr47-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000255469.68129.81"},{"key":"bibr48-2333721416643702","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.63778"}],"container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333721416643702","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2333721416643702","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333721416643702","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:57:21Z","timestamp":1777445841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2333721416643702"}},"subtitle":["A Review for General Practitioners"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2333721416643702"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333721416643702","relation":{},"ISSN":["2333-7214","2333-7214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2333-7214","type":"print"},{"value":"2333-7214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"article-number":"2333721416643702"}}