{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T16:46:22Z","timestamp":1777653982128,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of delirium in the elderly. Although diagnosis of delirium secondary to UTI is relatively straightforward, a lack of thorough investigation could result in missing underlying factors and medical conditions that may require immediate clinical\/surgical intervention. Case of a 77-year-old male with delirium diagnosis and multiple psychiatric hospital admissions is reported here. This patient with multiple medical disorders and anxiety was admitted to psychiatric facilities on three different occasions with multiple psychiatric diagnoses including delirium. After a month of hospital stay and thorough medical and radiological examinations, the cause of refractory delirium was identified as multifactorial including urothelial carcinoma. Although UTI and urinary retention are common in the elderly, this case shows the importance of multifactorial diagnoses in cases of prolonged or refractory delirium to avoid delays in appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23337214211012528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T07:55:16Z","timestamp":1619164516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnosing Urothelial Carcinoma from Delirium: A Near Miss"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3164-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessy","family":"Korah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, Gainesville, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"10","key":"bibr2-23337214211012528","first-page":"805","volume":"40","author":"Ariathianto Y.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"bibr3-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390230117017"},{"issue":"4","key":"bibr4-23337214211012528","first-page":"339","volume":"13","author":"Bl\u00e8 A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)"},{"key":"bibr5-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cole M. G., Ciampi A., Belzile E., Zhong L. (2009). Persistent delirium in older hospital patients: A systematic review of frequency and prognosis. Age and Ageing, 38(1), 19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afn253","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afn253"},{"key":"bibr6-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis D. H. J., Muniz-Terrera G., Keage H. A. D., Stephan B. C. M., Fleming J., Ince P. G., Matthews F. E., Cunningham C., Ely E. W., MacLullich A. M. J., Brayne C. & Epidemiological Clinicopathological Studies in Europe (EClipSE) Collaborative Members. (2017). Association of delirium with cognitive decline in late life: A neuropathologic study of 3 population-based cohort studies. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(3), 244\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3423","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3423"},{"key":"bibr7-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400090150034"},{"key":"bibr8-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-5-682"},{"key":"bibr9-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pendlebury S., Lovett N., Smith S., Dutta N., Bendon C., Lloyd-Lavery A., Mehta Z., Rothwell P. (2015). Observational, longitudinal study of delirium in consecutive unselected acute medical admissions: Age-specific rates and associated factors, mortality and re-admission. BMJ Open, 5(11), e007808\u2013e007808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007808","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-007808"},{"key":"bibr10-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosen T., Connors S., Clark S., Halpern A., Stern M. E., DeWald J., Lachs M. S., Flomenbaum N. (2015). Assessment and management of delirium in older adults in the emergency department: Literature review to inform development of a novel clinical protocol. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal, 37(3), 183\u2013E3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/tme.0000000000000066","DOI":"10.1097\/TME.0000000000000066"},{"key":"bibr11-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.0449"},{"key":"bibr12-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1367-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr13-23337214211012528","first-page":"100","volume":"32","author":"Waale W. H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Tijdschrift Voor Gerontologie En Geriatrie"},{"key":"bibr14-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waardenburg I. E. (2008). Delirium caused by urinary retention in elderly people: A case report and literature review on the \u201cCystocerebral Syndrome.\u201d Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(12), 2371\u20132372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02035.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02035.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr15-23337214211012528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.4067\/S0034-98872008001100019","volume":"136","author":"Young P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Revista m\u00e9dica de Chile"}],"container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23337214211012528","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23337214211012528","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23337214211012528","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:58:41Z","timestamp":1777445921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23337214211012528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23337214211012528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23337214211012528","relation":{},"ISSN":["2333-7214","2333-7214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2333-7214","type":"print"},{"value":"2333-7214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"article-number":"23337214211012528"}}