{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:03:18Z","timestamp":1789786998293,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Stevens Parkinson\u2019s Disease Center of Excellence pilot award"},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["P30AG066546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066546"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["R01AG077472"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG077472"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) have a higher risk of developing dementia compared to age-matched controls. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and hyposmia can influence symptoms severity. We report associations between polysomnography-assessed sleep architecture, olfactory identification, and cognition. Twenty adults with early-stage PD (mean age 69\u2009\u00b1\u20097.9; 25% female) completed cognitive assessments, the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT), and overnight in-clinic polysomnography. A global cognitive score was derived from principal component analysis. Linear regression models examined associations between sleep variables, BSIT performance, and cognition. Cognitive performance was compared between participants with and without RBD. Deep sleep attainment (\u03b2\u2009\u00b1\u2009SE: 1.18\u2009\u00b1\u20090.45, p\u2009=\u2009.02) and olfactory identification (0.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12, p\u2009=\u2009.01) were associated with better cognition. Light sleep, REM sleep, arousal index, and sleep efficiency were not (all p\u2009&gt;\u2009.05). Participants with RBD had significantly worse cognition ( t-test\u2009=\u2009\u22121.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.44, p\u2009=\u2009.03) compared to those without RBD; none entered deep sleep. Deep sleep attainment was associated with better memory (1.20\u2009\u00b1\u20090.41, p\u2009=\u2009.01) and executive function (2.94\u2009\u00b1\u20091.13, p\u2009=\u2009.02); sleep efficiency was associated with executive function (0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02, p\u2009=\u2009.02). These findings suggest interrelationships between lack of deep sleep, hyposmia, and poorer cognition in PD, particularly among individuals with RBD. Assessing these markers together may improve early identification of high-risk individuals and access to interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23337214241262925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T07:05:24Z","timestamp":1719212724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Deep Sleep, Olfactory Loss, and Cognition in Early-stage Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Pilot Study Results"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-5052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Bernal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Pollet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy Diagnostics, San Antonio, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Serrano-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9425-8907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Gaona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayandra Jung","family":"Himali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Andr\u00e9s","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitzi M.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer\u2019s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA"},{"name":"Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00280-3"},{"key":"bibr2-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4"},{"key":"bibr3-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4"},{"key":"bibr4-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199603000-00021"},{"key":"bibr5-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonzales M. M., Wang D., Pollet E., Velarde \u00c1, Horn S., Coss P., Vaou O., Wang J., Li C., Seshadri S., Miao H., Gonz\u00e1lez D. A. (2023). Pilot Study Results Assessing the Accuracy of a Ballistic Sleep Monitor Relative to Polysomnography in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Journal of Parkinson\u2019s disease, 13(6), 1073\u20131076. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JPD-23012","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-230126"},{"key":"bibr6-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9135-x"},{"key":"bibr7-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34b47"},{"key":"bibr8-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang S. H., Lee H. M., Seo W.K., Kim J. H., Koh S.B. (2016). The combined effect of REM sleep behavior disorder and hyposmia on cognition and motor phenotype in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 368, 374\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2016.07.057Scopus.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.07.057"},{"key":"bibr9-23337214241262925","unstructured":"Lezak M. D., Howieson D. B., Bigler E. D., Tranel D. (Eds.). (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed., p. 1161). Oxford University Press."},{"key":"bibr10-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.25152"},{"key":"bibr11-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00706-1"},{"key":"bibr12-23337214241262925","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prdoa.2022.100176"}],"container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23337214241262925","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23337214241262925","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23337214241262925","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:56:42Z","timestamp":1777445802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23337214241262925"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23337214241262925"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23337214241262925","relation":{},"ISSN":["2333-7214","2333-7214"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2333-7214","type":"print"},{"value":"2333-7214","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"23337214241262925"}}