{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:00:27Z","timestamp":1780621227971,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: In the current study, we construct growth charts of body surface area (BSA) for adults using the quantile regression (QR) approach and growth charts of different Gaussian Percentiles ( Z-scores) against age. Methods: A cross-sectional data consisting of 3,473 individuals aged 5 or more, both males and females were taken from Multan city. Quantile regression (QR) was used to construct BSA growth charts. Growth charts for different Z-scores were also constructed. Results: For our data set, the mean BSA is 0.48750. The BSA percentiles show a trending higher after the age of 5 until the age of 22, then decrease between age 22 and 35, and then finally increase after age 35. The Z-score curve increases slightly after age 5 and then proceeds higher until age 22. After age 22 and before 35 it plateaus and then increases slightly after age 35. Conclusion: Since the use of empirical BSA percentiles and Z-scores with grouped age provides a discrete approximation for the population percentiles and Z-scores, it is more accurate to use continuous BSA percentile and Z-score, curves against given ages while using quantile regression and Z-score approach. Furthermore, this approach can also be adopted to construct many other growth charts for physiological and medical sciences.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23337214241273189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T09:38:13Z","timestamp":1725615493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of Quantile Regression and Gaussian (\n                    <i>Z<\/i>\n                    -scores) Percentiles to BSA in Growth Charts With a Pakistani Population"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1578-769X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas Ghulam","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farrukh","family":"Shehzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23337214241273189","author":"Alaka S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension\u2013correlation between electrocardiography and echocardiography"},{"key":"bibr2-23337214241273189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1798"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr3-23337214241273189","first-page":"613","volume":"27","author":"Aslam M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"bibr4-23337214241273189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460801908439"},{"key":"bibr5-23337214241273189","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual SAS Users Group International Conference","author":"Chen C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr6-23337214241273189","first-page":"114","volume":"5","author":"Chen C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"AMCS"},{"issue":"12","key":"bibr7-23337214241273189","first-page":"1085","volume":"46","author":"Furqan M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian Pediatrics"},{"key":"bibr8-23337214241273189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2044.2003.02788_1.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr9-23337214241273189","first-page":"888","volume":"51","author":"Ho E.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Singapore Medical Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr10-23337214241273189","first-page":"94","volume":"55","author":"Jawad F.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr11-23337214241273189","first-page":"299","volume":"21","author":"Khan M. 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