{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:36:12Z","timestamp":1777656972714,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Pediatric Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques have been increasingly used to detect microbial DNA in clinic for the diagnosis of bacterial infection. This study aims to developing an RT-PCR method to detect bacteria in pleural fluid (PF). We performed a method to simultaneously detect and classify the clinically relevant bacterial pathogens in hydrothorax with Gram probe RT-PCR (GRT-PCR), which targets the conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results showed this method could specifically and correctly identify 14 clinically important bacterial strains in hydrothorax including 7 gram-positive and 7 gram-negative bacteria. And the sensitivity of this GRT-PCR method in serial dilution can reach 10 CFU\/mL. In clinical trial, 180 PF samples from children who were clinically suspected to suffer from bacterial pneumonia and empyema were collected. These samples were detected by GRT-PCR, standard culture, and biochemical routine analysis. The positive rate of the GRT-PCR array was 17.78% (32\/180), significantly higher than that of PF culture (11.67%; 21\/180; P = .003). When PF culture was used as control, the sensitivity of GRT-PCR was 95.24% (95% confidence interval = 74.13-99.75), and the specificity was 92.45% (95% confidence interval = 86.89-95.86). Our study showed that GRT-PCR is a more effective method for rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of bacterial infection in hydrothorax compared with other traditional methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794x15569302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]],"date-time":"2015-02-02T23:26:31Z","timestamp":1422919591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rapid and Sensitive Identification of Bacterial Infection and Bacteria Gram Types in Pleural Fluid of Children"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yi-Dong","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou, China"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Children\u2019s Hospital, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Hui","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shi-Qiang","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Zhong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000069764.41163.8f"},{"key":"bibr2-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21114"},{"key":"bibr3-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200601-074OC"},{"key":"bibr4-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.03.001"},{"key":"bibr5-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000107741"},{"key":"bibr6-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.013334-0"},{"key":"bibr7-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/502680"},{"key":"bibr8-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000322003"},{"key":"bibr9-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.6.1737"},{"key":"bibr10-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.6.2212"},{"key":"bibr11-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009282"},{"key":"bibr12-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922809333972"},{"key":"bibr13-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-008-0747-5"},{"key":"bibr14-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922814532309"},{"key":"bibr15-2333794X15569302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02237-07"}],"container-title":["Global Pediatric Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333794X15569302","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2333794X15569302","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2333794X15569302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:07:49Z","timestamp":1777446469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2333794X15569302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2333794X15569302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2333794x15569302","relation":{},"ISSN":["2333-794X","2333-794X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2333-794X","type":"print"},{"value":"2333-794X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"article-number":"2333794X15569302"}}