{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T00:44:37Z","timestamp":1782953077728,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013118","name":"mundipharma pharmaceuticals s.l.","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USIM\/MUNDI\/FPSK\/052002\/42817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USIM\/MUNDI\/FPSK\/052002\/42817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013118","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Pediatric Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Pre-school children are at a higher risk to acquire infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease due to their immature immune system. Good hand hygiene prevents transmission of infectious diseases. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene among pre-schoolers. Methods. In this prospective, multi-center study, the pre-schools were selected according to the selection criteria. A questionnaire consisting of socio-demographics, knowledge and practices of hand hygiene were administered via face-to-face interview during the pre- and post-intervention period. A total of 435 pre-schoolers aged 5 and 6\u2009years old from 2 pre-schools within Klang Valley, School P (test group) and School C (control group) were involved in this study. The test group was provided with comprehensive hand hygiene education including video on proper handwashing technique during the 2\u2009months intervention period, whereas the control group did not receive any form of intervention. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive analysis and independent t-test. Results. Majority of pre-schoolers gained knowledge of handwashing from their parents. However, only 63% demonstrated good handwashing technique. Test group were significantly better ( P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in handwashing technique and hand hygiene routine score. Conclusion. A comprehensive hand hygiene education program should include proper handwashing facilities, resources, and awareness of the care-givers in instilling and sustaining good hand hygiene behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794x20976369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T12:37:07Z","timestamp":1607603827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Assessment on Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Practices Among Pre-school Children in Klang Valley"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Tengku Zetty Maztura","family":"Tengku Jamaluddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2751-5402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nurul Azmawati","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Dzulkhairi","family":"Mohd Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zarini","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalinawati","family":"Ramli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habibah","family":"Faroque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farishah Nur","family":"Abd Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Rasyid","family":"Ariffien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisyah Ar Redha","family":"Che Amir Farid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilina","family":"Isahak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2333794X20976369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2004.11.007"},{"key":"bibr2-2333794X20976369","unstructured":"Marissa S, Boskey E. Hand, foot, and mouth disease: risks, treatment, and prevention. 2016. Accessed November 14, 2019. https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/hand-foot-mouth-disease"},{"key":"bibr3-2333794X20976369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3707-y"},{"key":"bibr4-2333794X20976369","unstructured":"Government of South Australia. Ways infectious diseases spread. 2014. Accessed November 12, 2019. https:\/\/www.sahealth.sa.gov.au\/wps\/wcm\/connect\/public+content\/sa+health+internet\/conditions\/infectious+diseases\/ways+infectious+diseases+spread"},{"key":"bibr5-2333794X20976369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2002.120366"},{"key":"bibr6-2333794X20976369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.1649"},{"key":"bibr7-2333794X20976369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107415324.004"},{"key":"bibr8-2333794X20976369","unstructured":"Aliza Shah. Kids at risk at crowded childcare centres. New Straits Times. 2018. 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