{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T17:31:22Z","timestamp":1777656682033,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Global Pediatric Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To determine clinical presentations and laboratory findings of meningitis outbreak among children in 2023 in Iraq. Method. the demographic data (gender, age, symptoms, and disease transmission among family members) were collected from child patients, who were admitted to Halabja and Sulaimania pediatric teaching hospital in the period of 15 March 2023 to 1st of August, 2023. The blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were collected for hematological, biochemical, microscopic, and microbiological examinations, including culturing and FilmArray meningitis\/encephalitis panel. Results. The population studied were 170 children between 1 and 18\u2009years old, Males were 110 (64.7%), and females were 60 (35.3%). Children between 5 and 10\u2009years old had the highest frequency, whereas only 2 children were &lt;1\u2009year. Clinical symptoms were fever in 100%, followed by headache, vomiting, convulsion, photophobia, and lethargy (79%, 12%, 3%, 3%, 2%) respectively. CSF parameters were: 38.8% of them had &gt;1000\u2009leucocytes\/\u00b5, followed by 31.2% for those who had &lt;300\u2009cells\/\u00b5, differential CSF leucocytes, 82.4% were monocytes, and sugar was normal at 84.1%. while protein was &lt;40\u2009mg\/d in 55.9% of them. Conclusion. Meningitis outbreak due to enterovirus was recorded, and age predilection and clinical presentation refer to different serotypes. Further work is needed to define the species and serotypes of the virus and define the environmental source of the virus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794x241293948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:40:53Z","timestamp":1730940053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outbreak of Meningitis in Iraq in 2023"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Khalid Hama","family":"Salih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0533-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zana Baqi","family":"Najmadden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Halabja, Halabja, Kurdistan Region, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahadin Qader","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pishdar Abdullah","family":"Ismael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiwan H.","family":"Kareem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana Diyar","family":"Abdulqadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roza M.","family":"Sabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basta J.","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binay A.","family":"Qadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Razhan M.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Salih","family":"karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Jamal Ahmed Rashed Pediatric Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan, Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2010.05.004"},{"key":"bibr2-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2991\/j.jegh.2018.02.001"},{"key":"bibr3-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(03)13693-8"},{"key":"bibr4-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2008.02.002"},{"key":"bibr5-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2021.10.006"},{"key":"bibr6-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.02.011"},{"key":"bibr7-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000137575.82874.0c"},{"key":"bibr8-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000129685.04847.94"},{"key":"bibr9-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0264-410x(01)00299-7"},{"key":"bibr10-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2019.07.005"},{"key":"bibr11-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0733-8619(05)70162-6"},{"key":"bibr12-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(16)30201-8"},{"key":"bibr13-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3209-8"},{"key":"bibr14-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/hosp.2002.63.5.2019"},{"key":"bibr15-2333794X241293948","volume-title":"Nelson Text Bool of Pediatric","author":"Kliegman RM.","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr16-2333794X241293948","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010100"},{"key":"bibr17-2333794X241293948","unstructured":"WHO. 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