{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T18:12:38Z","timestamp":1771265558078,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> Low birth weight (LBW) remains a global health concern, especially in sub-Saharan African countries with fewer resources, such as Sudan. Despite ongoing preventive measures, LBW is still one of the main health problems and it is a leading risk factor for several adverse perinatal and neonatal outcomes. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> To assess the prevalence of and factors associated (mainly maternal anemia) with LBW at Rabak Maternity Hospital, White Nile, Central Sudan. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> A cross-sectional study was conducted involving live singleton newborns and their mothers who presented to Rabak Maternity Hospital from September to December 2021. Questionnaires were completed via face-to-face interviews to gather maternal information (maternal age, parity, history of miscarriage, educational status, and level of antenatal care [ANC]). Maternal hemoglobin levels were measured using an automated hematology analyzer. The neonate's birth weight and sex were recorded. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Two hundred and fifty-three newborns were enrolled in this study, 40 (15.8%) of whom were LBW neonates. The median (interquartile range) maternal age and parity were 25 (21.0\u201330.0) years and 2 (1\u20134), respectively. While gestational age, maternal hemoglobin, and maternal anemia were associated with LBW, maternal age, parity, a history of miscarriage, education level, and level of ANC were not associated with LBW in the univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that gestational age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u2009=\u20090.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20090.66\u20130.96) and maternal hemoglobin (AOR\u2009=\u20090.76, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.52\u20130.86) were inversely associated with LBW. Maternal anemia was associated with LBW (AOR\u2009=\u20094.70, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.06\u201310.94). <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> LBW is a major health concern in White Nile, Sudan. Maternal age and maternal anemia are associated with LBW. Preventive measures for managing maternal anemia may help reduce the incidence of LBW. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608231197590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T07:01:26Z","timestamp":1693810886000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and its Association With Anemia in White Nile State, Sudan: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5031-7741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelmageed","family":"Elmugabil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"El Imam El Mahdi University, Kosti, Sudan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Nafeesah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashwaq","family":"AlEed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadiah","family":"AlHabardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ishag","family":"Adam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmm110"},{"key":"bibr2-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-018-0124-1"},{"key":"bibr3-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266796"},{"key":"bibr4-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1625_21"},{"issue":"11","key":"bibr5-23779608231197590","first-page":"1725","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed M. A. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"bibr6-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-4-311"},{"key":"bibr7-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.01.006"},{"key":"bibr8-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02382-4"},{"key":"bibr9-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.927518"},{"key":"bibr10-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30565-5"},{"key":"bibr11-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt304"},{"key":"bibr12-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00469580211047199"},{"key":"bibr13-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/whe.15.35"},{"key":"bibr14-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-3-181"},{"key":"bibr15-23779608231197590","unstructured":"GPS Coordinates of Rabak, Sudan, DMS, UTM, GeoHash\u2014CountryCoordinate.com (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2023, from https:\/\/www.countrycoordinate.com\/city-rabak-sudan\/"},{"key":"bibr16-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.07.013"},{"key":"bibr17-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-012-9861-y"},{"key":"bibr18-23779608231197590","unstructured":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2023, from https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/246208"},{"key":"bibr19-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2018.29.220.15247"},{"key":"bibr20-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-022-03450-1"},{"key":"bibr21-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01160-y"},{"key":"bibr22-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2155-x"},{"key":"bibr23-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70024-5"},{"key":"bibr24-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-019-0742-5"},{"key":"bibr25-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05586-6"},{"key":"bibr26-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912072"},{"key":"bibr27-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3162378"},{"key":"bibr28-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.107896"},{"key":"bibr29-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2022.2114332"},{"key":"bibr30-23779608231197590","unstructured":"UNICEF-WHO Low Birthweight Estimates: Levels and Trends 2000\u20132015 | UNICEF (2019). Retrieved July 23, 2023, from https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/reports\/UNICEF-WHO-low-birthweight-estimates-2019"},{"key":"bibr31-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2022.100344"},{"key":"bibr32-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04576-4"},{"key":"bibr33-23779608231197590","unstructured":"WHO Recommendations for Care of the Preterm or Low-Birth-Weight Infant\u2014World | ReliefWeb (n.d.). Retrieved May 8, 2023, from https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/who-recommendations-care-preterm-or-low-birth-weight-infant"},{"key":"bibr34-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1037714"},{"key":"bibr35-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980008002401"},{"key":"bibr36-23779608231197590","volume-title":"GHO | By category | Anaemia in pregnant women\u2014estimates by country","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"bibr37-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05489-6"},{"key":"bibr38-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.14093"},{"key":"bibr39-23779608231197590","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608231197590","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23779608231197590","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608231197590","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T20:57:53Z","timestamp":1740862673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23779608231197590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23779608231197590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608231197590","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-9608","2377-9608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2377-9608","type":"print"},{"value":"2377-9608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"article-number":"23779608231197590"}}