{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T13:48:39Z","timestamp":1753883319287,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p> The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with numerous changes in daily life conditions that could affect the psychological response of individuals worldwide. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p> The study aimed to describe and examine differences in depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to living conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> A cross-sectional design was used. Purposive snowball sampling was employed to include 642 participants. Arabic versions of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the data. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> The total mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress were 12.26 (SD\u2009=\u200910.53), 9.04 (SD\u2009=\u20099.34), and 13.49 (SD\u2009=\u200910.72), respectively. Of the study sample, 122 (19.5%), 139 (22.2%), and 99 (15.9%) had severe to extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Significant differences were found in depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to age, chronic diseases, and house size. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> The findings showed an increased prevalence of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health practitioners need to recognize the impact of pandemics on youth, females, low-income populations, and individuals with chronic diseases. Preventive mental health services among these populations, such as screening and counseling, would help reduce the health risks. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608241254221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T08:12:39Z","timestamp":1715587959000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differences in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Relation to Changes in Living Conditions, Work Conditions, and Daily Life During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Abeer","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaldoun","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute and Chronic Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-346X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabia","family":"Allari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acute and Chronic Care Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Al-Bashaireh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Science, Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani Al","family":"Smadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Amre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maha Alkaid","family":"Albqoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00270-8"},{"key":"bibr2-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249183"},{"key":"bibr3-23779608241254221","unstructured":"Alansari B. (2020). Validation of the Arabic version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-42) among Undergraduates in Kuwait. Measuring Behavior 2020-21, 1, 1-103.DOI: 10.6084\/m9.figshare.13013717."},{"key":"bibr4-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2020.152192"},{"key":"bibr5-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/nie.2020.14"},{"key":"bibr6-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.019"},{"journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction","year":"2020","author":"Bhuiyan A. K. M. I.","key":"bibr7-23779608241254221"},{"key":"bibr8-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000346633"},{"key":"bibr9-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19491247.2021.1940686"},{"key":"bibr10-23779608241254221","unstructured":"Department of Statistics J. (2020). The Kingdom\u2019s population estimates by age groups, individual and quintile and sex. http:\/\/jorinfo.dos.gov.jo\/Databank\/pxweb\/en\/Demographi_Statistics\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr11-23779608241254221","first-page":"5","volume":"9","author":"Eloul L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr12-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.588013"},{"key":"bibr13-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2020.05.022"},{"issue":"3","key":"bibr14-23779608241254221","volume":"12","author":"Hassan S. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr15-23779608241254221","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"Hou F.","journal-title":"BMC public Health"},{"key":"bibr16-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09738-7"},{"key":"bibr17-23779608241254221","unstructured":"IBM Corporation (2012). IBM SPSS statistics for windows (Version 17)."},{"key":"bibr18-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-011-0265-8"},{"key":"bibr19-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716442"},{"key":"bibr20-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30109-7"},{"key":"bibr21-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45120"},{"key":"bibr22-23779608241254221","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression anxiety Stress Scales","author":"Lovibond S. H.","year":"1995","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr23-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113190"},{"key":"bibr24-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093165"},{"key":"bibr25-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072652"},{"key":"bibr26-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13572"},{"key":"bibr27-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12315-1"},{"key":"bibr28-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731516662916"},{"key":"bibr29-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102127"},{"key":"bibr30-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1730"},{"volume":"36","journal-title":"Cadernos de Saude Publica","author":"Ozamiz-Etxebarria N.","key":"bibr31-23779608241254221"},{"volume":"36","journal-title":"Cadernos de saude publica","author":"Ozamiz-Etxebarria N.","key":"bibr32-23779608241254221"},{"key":"bibr33-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01540"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr34-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-019-0531-5","volume":"16","author":"Salari N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Globalization and Health"},{"key":"bibr35-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-020-00728-y"},{"key":"bibr36-23779608241254221","first-page":"1","author":"Shuwiekh H. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"bibr37-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.13772"},{"key":"bibr38-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764020934508"},{"key":"bibr39-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051729"},{"key":"bibr40-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.04.028"},{"key":"bibr41-23779608241254221","unstructured":"World Bank (2013). The surprising rates of depression among MENA\u2019s women. https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/arabvoices\/surprising-rates-depression-among-mena%E2%80%99s-women."},{"key":"bibr42-23779608241254221","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/."},{"key":"bibr43-23779608241254221","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022). Mental Health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/mental-health-strengthening-our-response."},{"key":"bibr44-23779608241254221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.08.001"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608241254221","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23779608241254221","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608241254221","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,2]],"date-time":"2025-03-02T13:40:54Z","timestamp":1740922854000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23779608241254221"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23779608241254221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608241254221","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-9608","2377-9608"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2377-9608"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2377-9608"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"23779608241254221"}}