{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:02:14Z","timestamp":1767650534859,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The diaphragm is considered the main inspiratory muscle, and as such, its assessment is crucial in patients with respiratory pathology. It is known that the contractile capacity of a muscle is determined by strength, length, and the duration of contraction. Although transdiaphragmatic pressure is the gold standard test for its study, ultrasound has been confirmed as a useful tool in clinical practice. Thanks to it, both the strength (diaphragmatic thickness) and the length of movement (diaphragmatic excursion) can be evaluated. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the inspiratory time and the diaphragmatic contraction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional controlled study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty healthy subjects, yoga practitioners, with no previous respiratory pathology participated in this study. They were asked to take three different types of deep breaths: diaphragmatic with nasal inspiration, pursed-lip inspiration, and ujjayi (nasal inspiration with slight contraction of the glottis). The variables of thickness, excursion, and inspiratory contraction time were taken for each of them by ultrasound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Diaphragmatic contraction time is the only variable that shows a significant correlation with the other two. Thus, the correlation between inspiratory time and diaphragmatic thickness is significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) for the three breaths: diaphragmatic (0.60), ujjayi (0.67), and pursed lips (0.39) and the correlation between inspiratory time and diaphragmatic excursion is significant for diaphragmatic breaths (\u22120.24,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.035) and ujjayi (0.27,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.017), but not in pursed lips (\u22120.01,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.90).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The inspiratory contraction time and the diaphragmatic excursion are two essential variables in the dynamic functional evaluation of the diaphragm, compared to the diaphragmatic thickness measurement that only reports its strength.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608251337591","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T02:31:52Z","timestamp":1745548312000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inspiration Time: The Ultrasound Variable Necessary to Study the Diaphragm Functionality. A Cross-Sectional Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3168-5992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa E","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pardo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Doctorado UAM, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Department, Ram\u00f3n y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Jes\u00fas","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Nieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)"},{"name":"IIS Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Furi\u00f3-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Garc\u00eda-Arrab\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Mallo-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Sports, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"International Doctorate School, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mahillo-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Bioestad\u00edstica y Epidemiolog\u00eda, IIS Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Peces-Barba Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)"},{"name":"IIS Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25237\/revchilanestv47n02.08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S45443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i12.2408"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00714-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.742703"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2021.103780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2022.02.083"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","article-title":"Effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory functions and vocal sustenance in apparently healthy vocalists","author":"Chukwu S. C.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chukwu S. C., Egbumike C. J., Ojukwu C. P., Uchenwoke C., Igwe E. S., Ativie N. R., Okemmuo A. J., Chukwu N. P., Ezeugwu U. A., Ikele C. N., Uduonu E. M. (2022). Effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory functions and vocal sustenance in apparently healthy vocalists. Journal of Voice: Official Journal of the Voice Foundation, 39(2), 564. e37\u2013e44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvoice.2022.09.025","journal-title":"Journal of Voice: Official Journal of the Voice Foundation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S171134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.06908"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"172","article-title":"Usefulness and reliability of point of care ultrasound in family medicine: Focused cardiac and lung ultrasound","volume":"51","author":"Diaz S\u00e1nchez S.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diaz S\u00e1nchez S., Conangla Ferr\u00edn L., S\u00e1nchez Barrancos I. M., Pujol Salud J., Tarrazo Su\u00e1rez J. A., Morales Cano J. M. (2019). Usefulness and reliability of point of care ultrasound in family medicine: Focused cardiac and lung ultrasound. Atencion Primaria, 51(3), 172\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aprim.2018.11.008","journal-title":"Atencion Primaria"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/tt.20239902"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01194.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.139477"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-170276"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Breathing: Motor control of diaphragm muscle","volume":"33","author":"Fogarty M. J.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fogarty M. J., Mantilla C. B., Sieck G. C. (2018). Breathing: Motor control of diaphragm muscle. Physiology (Bethesda, Md.), 33(2), 113\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00002.2018","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2022.110156"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Association between nutritional risk status and both diaphragmatic dysfunction and diaphragm atrophy in medical intensive care unit patients","volume":"41","author":"Inci K.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inci K., Macit-Ayd\u0131n E., Aygencel G., T\u00fcrko\u011flu M., Inci K., Macit-Ayd\u0131n E., Aygencel G., T\u00fcrko\u011flu M. (2024). Association between nutritional risk status and both diaphragmatic dysfunction and diaphragm atrophy in medical intensive care unit patients. Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria, 41(2), 286\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20960\/nh.05011","journal-title":"Nutrici\u00f3n Hospitalaria"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09593985.2017.1323363"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","article-title":"Diaphragmatic movement studied with ultrasound during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in man","volume":"19","author":"Jousela I.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jousela I., Tahvanainen J., M\u00e4kel\u00e4inen A., Yl\u00e4-Jarkko A., Nikki P. (1994). Diaphragmatic movement studied with ultrasound during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) in man. Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation, 19(2), 43\u201347.","journal-title":"Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.30.150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2022.01004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.4.9105074"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00480-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjpt.2021.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00484.2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1901-164"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13040582"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00282-2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000524785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2005000700014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","volume-title":"Physiology, skeletal muscle contraction","author":"Pham S.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pham S., Puckett Y. (2022). Physiology, skeletal muscle contraction. En StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559006\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports9090127"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.IJABMR_192_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-04316-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.009817"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000527100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glu182"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01499-2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2015.03.006"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Usefulness of diaphragmatic ultrasound in predicting extubation success","volume":"45","author":"Var\u00f3n-Vega F.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Var\u00f3n-Vega F., Hern\u00e1ndez \u00c1, L\u00f3pez M., C\u00e1ceres E., Giraldo-Cadavid L. F., Uribe-Hernandez A. M., Crevoisier S. (2021). Usefulness of diaphragmatic ultrasound in predicting extubation success. Medicina Intensiva, 45(4), 226\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medin.2019.10.007","journal-title":"Medicina Intensiva"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60376-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-020-00203-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2016.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1389040"}],"container-title":["Sage Open Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608251337591","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23779608251337591","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608251337591","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T20:40:32Z","timestamp":1767645632000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23779608251337591"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23779608251337591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608251337591","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-9608","2377-9608"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2377-9608"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2377-9608"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"article-number":"23779608251337591"}}