{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:17:44Z","timestamp":1787019464604,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spinal pain is a prevalent occupational health issue, particularly among bank workers who often experience prolonged sitting and poor ergonomic conditions. Despite the increasing occupational-related burden of spinal pain, data specific to bank workers in study setting, remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of spinal pain and its associated factors among bank workers in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 322 bank workers from July 20 to August 20, 2023. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure unbiased representation. The standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal survey was interviewer-administered for data collection. Data were entered in EpiData version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 17.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were applied to calculate the proportion. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with spinal pain, with an alpha level of 0.05 defining statistical significance. Adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength and direction of associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that lower back pain (45.4%), neck pain (37.14%), and upper back pain (34.92%) were the most frequently reported spinal complaints among bank employees in the past 12 months. Neck pain was associated with female gender, job stress, and high workload. Lower back pain showed association with alcohol consumption, longer duration of service, managerial roles, and workload intensity. Upper back pain was associated with being in a managerial position.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study highlights a high burden of spinal pain among bank workers, with distinct associations across neck, upper back, and lower back regions. Ergonomic strain, occupational stress, behaviors, and job roles significantly contributed to pain. These findings underscore the need for targeted workplace interventions that address both physical and psychosocial risk factors to enhance employee wellbeing in banking environments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608251371100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T07:15:58Z","timestamp":1755760558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence and Associated Factors of Work-Related Spinal Pain Among Bank Workers in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Murad","family":"Umer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Deder General Hospital, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0149-173X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aboma","family":"Motuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0921-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nesredin","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-4662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiferaw","family":"Letta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"111","key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Multiple logistic regression analysis of predictors of musculoskeletal disorders and disability among bank workers in Kumasi. Ghana","volume":"2","author":"Abledu J.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Abledu J., Abledu G. (2012). Multiple logistic regression analysis of predictors of musculoskeletal disorders and disability among bank workers in Kumasi. Ghana. Journal of Ergonomics, 2(111), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4172\/2165-7556.1000111","journal-title":"Journal of Ergonomics"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","volume-title":"The Biomechanics of back pain-E-Book","author":"Adams M. A.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adams M. A., Bogduk N., Burton K., Dolan P. (2012). The Biomechanics of back pain-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Enhancing occupational health and ergonomics for optimal workplace well-being: A review","volume":"24","author":"Adiga U.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adiga U. (2023). Enhancing occupational health and ergonomics for optimal workplace well-being: A review. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 24(4), 157\u2013164.","journal-title":"International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.1.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alemu A. (2021). Contribution of the Banking Sector for Economic Growth Case of Ethiopian Banks.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-923248\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1348-9585.12131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"Barsade S. Wiesenfeld B. (1997). The Marlin Company. Attitudes in the American workplace III. New Haven 27."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","article-title":"Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 2012\u20132050 using the spectrum suite of models","volume":"2","author":"Bekele A.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bekele A., Lakew Y. (2014). Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 2012\u20132050 using the spectrum suite of models. The Ethiopian Public Health Association, 2(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/RG.2.1.2996.1767","journal-title":"The Ethiopian Public Health Association"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52403\/ijshr.20240221"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/clinpract13060122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.0302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2019.102894"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prevalence of neck pain in bankers of Lahore","volume":"2","author":"Boota M.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boota M., Shaban S., Munawar A., Ahmed A. (2018). Prevalence of neck pain in bankers of Lahore. Malaysian Journal of Medical Research (MJMR), 2(1), 30\u201336.","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Medical Research (MJMR)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","unstructured":"Casiano V. Sarwan G. Dydyk A. Varacallo M. (2023). Back pain. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK538173\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13215906.2014.11082086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.104020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqm036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-020-00866-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e25075"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/mejrh.42031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S299680"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2012.10.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"6","author":"GBD","year":"2024","unstructured":"GBD. (2024). Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain, 1990-2020, and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol, 6(3), e142\u2013e155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2665-9913(23)00321-1","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","volume-title":"Technology: A case in commercial bank of Ethiopia","author":"Geleta A.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geleta A. (2023). Technology: A case in commercial bank of Ethiopia. Harar City Branches."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121159"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-010-1680-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-017-5432-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","unstructured":"Jones R. (2023). 10 Jobs with high risks for developing back pain (and how to prevent it). Retrieved from https:\/\/ohsonline.com\/articles\/2023\/05\/18\/10-jobs-with-high-risks-for-developing-back-pain.aspx"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07594-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanyenyeri L. Asiimwe B. Mochama M. Nyiligira J. Habtu M. (2017). Prevalence of back pain and associated factors among bank staff in selected banks in Kigali Rwanda a cross-sectional study.","DOI":"10.21767\/1791-809X.1000505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0132-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Occupational health and safety in Ethiopia: A review of situational analysis and needs assessment","volume":"30","author":"Kumie A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumie A., Amera T., Berhane K., Samet J., Hundal N., Gilliland F, G. M., F. (2016). Occupational health and safety in Ethiopia: A review of situational analysis and needs assessment. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development, 30(1 Spec Iss), 17\u201327.","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J022v13n02_01"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10803548.2021.1899650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08077-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2007.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2015.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","unstructured":"Moore S. M. Torma-Krajewski J. Steiner L. J. (2011). Practical demonstrations of ergonomic principles."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42506-021-00097-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S283270"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","unstructured":"NIAMS. (2017). Back pain."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2013.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.034801"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4082\/kjfm.2015.36.6.294"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samaan Daniel Ernst Ekkehard Martinez Miguel Sanchez Horne Richard Kuhn Stefan. (2023). World employment and social outlook: Trends. ILO.","DOI":"10.1002\/wow3.187"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_51_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal problems and awkward posture in a Pakistani garments manufacturing industry","volume":"1","author":"Shah Z.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shah Z., Amjad A., Ashraf M., Mushtaq F., Sheikh I. (2016). Prevalence of musculoskeletal problems and awkward posture in a Pakistani garments manufacturing industry. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 1(Suppl.1), 75\u201379.","journal-title":"Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_52_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Associated factors of low back pain among the workers of commercial bank of Ethiopia: Mekelle, North Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Singh K.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh K., Gebrekidan H. G. (2019). Associated factors of low back pain among the workers of commercial bank of Ethiopia: Mekelle, North Ethiopia. Research Reviews, 3(2), 17\u201321.","journal-title":"Research Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_53_1","first-page":"611","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain among bank employees in Kuala Lumpur","volume":"10","author":"Subramaniam T.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Subramaniam T., Gezahegn S. D., Jayaraman M., Singh K., Wah Y. C., Kajamohideen S. A. (2023). Prevalence and risk factors associated with low back pain among bank employees in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences, 10(4S), 611\u2013618.","journal-title":"Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.10.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_55_1","first-page":"2131","article-title":"Effects of low back pain on functional disability level and quality of life in nurses working in a university hospital","volume":"13","author":"Tosunoz I. K.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tosunoz I. K., Oztunc G. (2020). Effects of low back pain on functional disability level and quality of life in nurses working in a university hospital. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 13(3), 2131.","journal-title":"International Journal of Caring Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.226050"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0756-9782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2023.103998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_1","volume-title":"The WHO STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS)","author":"WHO","year":"2015","unstructured":"WHO. (2015). The WHO STEPwise approach to noncommunicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS). World Health Organization."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2019). Musculoskeletal health. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/musculoskeletal-conditions"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_1","unstructured":"WHO. (2022). Musculoskeletal health."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ORR.S300823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2025.19.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-02023-2"}],"container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608251371100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23779608251371100","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23779608251371100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T07:23:14Z","timestamp":1755933794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23779608251371100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23779608251371100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23779608251371100","relation":{},"ISSN":["2377-9608","2377-9608"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2377-9608","type":"print"},{"value":"2377-9608","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"23779608251371100"}}