{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T01:40:02Z","timestamp":1756690802283,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["SAGE Open Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Tracheal suctioning is a critical component of care for mechanically ventilated patients\u2019 treatment. The effectiveness and associated complications of suctioning can vary depending on the depth of catheter insertion. Although several guidelines assist nurses in selecting the appropriate suctioning technique, while the optimal suctioning depth remains uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose of the research<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing shallow (insertion of the suction catheter to a depth limited to the end of the endotracheal tube) versus deep tracheal suctioning (insertion of the suction catheter approximately 1 cm above carina) techniques on cardiovascular indices and suction-induced complications among mechanically ventilated patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A randomized controlled trial (RCT) with two parallel groups at a 1:1 ratio was carried out in Intensive care units of a tertiary hospital. Adult mechanically ventilated patients requiring tracheal suctioning were randomly assigned to either the shallow tracheal suctioning group (intervention) or the deep tracheal suctioning group (control). Cardiovascular indices (such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) and suction-induced complications (as hypoxemia, cardiac dysrhythmia, tracheal tissue injury, and increased intracranial pressure) were assessed at four specific times: before suctioning, immediately after suctioning, 5\u2005min postsuctioning, and 10\u2005min postsuctioning.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              A total of 120 patients were enrolled in the study. Cardiovascular indices increased significantly following tracheal suctioning in the deep suctioning group compared to the shallow suctioning group (\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Additionally, the incidence of suction-related complications was significantly lower in the shallow suctioning group (\n              <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              \u2009&lt;\u2009.05).\n            <\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Shallow tracheal suctioning results in less pronounced alterations in cardiovascular indices and fewer suction-induced complications compared to deep suctioning. These findings support the adoption of shallow suctioing as a safer and more favorable technique for managing mechanically ventilated patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608251374140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]],"date-time":"2025-08-29T13:12:29Z","timestamp":1756473149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Deep Versus Shallow Tracheal Suctioning on Cardiovascular Indices and Suction Induced Complications Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6564-805X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona Mohamed","family":"El-Hady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"},{"name":"Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Babkair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-4336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruba M","family":"Alharazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical &amp; Surgical Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1657-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sohad Mohammad wally","family":"Noorsaeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8361-2093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwa","family":"Mehrez Mahmoud Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency and Critical Care Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1298"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijans.2021.100299"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Effect of shallow versus deep endotracheal tube suctioning on hemodynamic parameters in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"6","author":"Ahmed S. E. S.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ahmed S. E. S., Younis G. A., Al-Metyazidy H. A. (2017). Effect of shallow versus deep endotracheal tube suctioning on hemodynamic parameters in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 6(4), 28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/1959-0604072838","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"215","article-title":"Effect of shallow versus deep suctioning techniques on endotracheal tube cuff pressure measurements and physiological indices among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation","volume":"32","author":"Al-Mayetiazidy R. A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Mayetiazidy R. A., Younis G. A., Ahmed S. A., Allam Z. A. (2024). Effect of shallow versus deep suctioning techniques on endotracheal tube cuff pressure measurements and physiological indices among patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. 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Respir Care, 55(6), 758\u2013764.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mnj.2022.293710"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2016.08.001"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"Effects of open and closed tracheal suctioning on pain in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"25","author":"Khayer F.","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khayer F., Ghafari S., Saghaei M., Yazdannik A., Atashi V. (2020). Effects of open and closed tracheal suctioning on pain in mechanically ventilated patients. 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PMID: 34650743; PMCID: PMC8507069.","journal-title":"American Journal of Translational Research"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"422","article-title":"Deep suction performs more effectively than shallow suction in tracheal intubation patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Liao Y.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liao Y., Zeng Q., Xu Y., Yang Q., Ye J., Yin X. (2019). Deep suction performs more effectively than shallow suction in tracheal intubation patients: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 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