{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:06:14Z","timestamp":1777860374145,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sage Open Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast milk is globally recognized as the optimal source of infant nutrition due to its immunological and neurodevelopmental benefits. In low-and middle-income countries like Bhutan, limited availability of donor milk and absence of milk banking infrastructure hinder neonatal nutrition. While breast milk sharing for feeding has been explored elsewhere, little is known about maternal and nursing perspectives of milk donation for research use within Bhutanese sociocultural context.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore breastfeeding mothers\u2019 perceptions of breast milk sharing and donation for both nutritional and research purposes, emphasizing the facilitating role of nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A qualitative exploratory design was used. Fifty-nine participants, 44 breastfeeding mothers and 15 neonatal intensive care unit nurses, from Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu Bhutan, were recruited through purposive sampling. In-depth semistructured interviews were held between March and May 2022. Data was thematically analyzed following Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework using NVivo 12 software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four themes emerged: (1) Breast milk sharing nutrition; breastfeeding mothers (- CHDM 13) expressed altruism but feared diseases transmission and cultural restriction; (2) Breast milk donation for research; breastfeeding mothers (NICUN 11) perceived potential societal benefits yet cited infrastructural gaps and religious hesitancy; (3) Nurses as facilitators on breast milk nutrition; neonatal nurses (NICUN 2 &amp; 4) promoted breastfeeding and informal sharing despite lacking standard operating procedures (SOPs); and (4) Nurses\u2019 role in research; nurse (- NICUN 4) viewed research as transformative but faced capacity and resource constraints.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Support for breast milk sharing in Bhutan is conditional, shaped by altruism, cultural norms, safety concerns, and system readiness. Strengthening nurse training, developing SOPs, and culturally sensitive community engagement are essential for promoting safe, ethical milk sharing and research participation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23779608261439003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T13:36:05Z","timestamp":1776951365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breastfeeding Mothers\u2019 and Nurses\u2019 Perceptions of Breast Milk Sharing and Donation for Research in Bhutan: A Qualitative Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Kuenzang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vina","family":"Vaswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yenepoya (Deemed to be) University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006-024-00615-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","article-title":"Attitudes towards human milk banking among native turkish and refugee women residing in a rural region of Turkey: A mixed-methods approach","volume":"17","author":"Akpinar C. V.","year":"2022","unstructured":"Akpinar C. V., Mandiracioglu A., Ozvurmaz S., Adana F., Koc N., Kurt F. (2022). Attitudes towards human milk banking among native turkish and refugee women residing in a rural region of Turkey: A mixed-methods approach. International Breastfeeding Journal, 17(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13006-022-00516-2","journal-title":"International Breastfeeding Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnn.2024.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Principles of neonatology","author":"Bagga N.","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bagga N., Lui K., Liub\u0161ys A., Rahman M. M., Mynak M. L., Maheshwari A. (2023). Storage and use of human milk in neonatal intensive care units. In Maheshwari A. (Ed.), Principles of neonatology (1st ed, pp. 120\u2013127). 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International Breastfeeding Journal, 15, 37, 1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13006-020-00283-y","journal-title":"International Breastfeeding Journal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334420939549"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","article-title":"Human milk banks: A need for further evidence and guidance","volume":"9","author":"Fang M. T.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang M. T., Grummer-strawn L., Maryuningsih Y., Biller-Andorno N. (2021). Human milk banks: A need for further evidence and guidance. 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