{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:55:14Z","timestamp":1777805714625,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 HL085497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 HL085497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant KO1AG019640"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant KO1AG019640"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension and periodontitis are highly prevalent among African Americans. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships among inflammatory biomarkers in the gingival fluid, periodontitis, and blood pressure in these individuals. Twenty-one subjects who reported a diagnosis of hypertension and a comparison group of 26 nonhypertensive participants were enrolled. All were African Americans, non\u2013cigarette smoking, and free from other systemic illness. Blood pressure and body mass index were assessed. A comprehensive periodontal examination was performed. Gingival fluid was collected from 3 healthy sites and 3 diseased sites when available. Samples were assessed for 8-isoprostane, interleukin 1\u03b2, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF\u03b1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase 8. Regardless of hypertension status, diseased sites were associated with increased levels of these biomarkers. CRP and TNF\u03b1 levels were also significantly higher in hypertensive than nonhypertensive individuals without diseased sites. After adjusting for demographics and body mass index, periodontal attachment loss was higher among hypertensive than nonhypertensive subjects. TNF\u03b1 and CRP levels and hypertension were in the same association pathway with attachment loss. Elevated blood pressure may increase the risk of periodontitis through a localized inflammatory mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study can be used by clinicians to better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis in hypertensive individuals in general and African Americans in particular. The information could lead to better management of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084417694335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,24]],"date-time":"2017-02-24T17:44:21Z","timestamp":1487958261000},"page":"269-277","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gingival Fluid Inflammatory Biomarkers and Hypertension in African Americans"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Khocht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Inflammation, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 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