{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T17:31:28Z","timestamp":1792690288493,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single-center cross-sectional survey, 57 dentists were given a clinical scenario in combination with a patient\u2019s relevant clinical photographs and radiographs depicting either a Black or White patient presenting with a decayed tooth and associated symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. Explicit bias was measured through a questionnaire, which evaluated participants\u2019 course of treatment, strength of recommendation, and their perception of patients\u2019 dental cooperativeness. Implicit bias was evaluated through brief implicit associate tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Recommendation for root canal treatment (RCT) in the White patient condition was significantly higher than in the Black patient condition (\u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      = 4.77, P &lt; 0.05). Overall, participants were significantly more likely to recommend root canal treatment to White patients (t = 2.46, P = 0.0172) and significantly more likely to recommend extraction for Black patients (t = 3.03, P = 0.0034). In total, 91.23% and 78.95% of all participants displayed high Brief Implicit Association Test race and cooperation scores, respectively, showing a pro-White bias in both categories. This trend was shown to be irrespective of the patient condition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dentists\u2019 decision making was affected by the race of the patient, resulting in a greater likelihood of extractions (less RCT) for Black patients presenting with a broken-down tooth and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Knowledge Transfer Statement:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study can be used by clinicians to understand the impact that unconscious racial bias may have on their treatment planning decisions. This information can create awareness, thereby reducing the impact that potential biases can have on the treatment patients receive.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084418812886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T19:30:37Z","timestamp":1542396637000},"page":"19-28","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Unconscious Racial Bias May Affect Dentists\u2019 Clinical Decisions on Tooth Restorability: A Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4887-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Cotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Bardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Mannocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kings College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2380084418812886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-11-34"},{"key":"bibr2-2380084418812886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.08.009"},{"key":"bibr3-2380084418812886","volume-title":"Paper presented at the Preconference on Self, Toronto","author":"Banaji MR","year":"1997"},{"issue":"9","key":"bibr4-2380084418812886","first-page":"E95","volume":"39","author":"Bang H","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthop"},{"key":"bibr5-2380084418812886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.6.1142"},{"key":"bibr6-2380084418812886","first-page":"264","volume-title":"America becoming: racial trends and their consequences","author":"Bobo L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"bibr7-2380084418812886","unstructured":"Cittadini Stranieri in Italia. 2018. 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