{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T10:58:57Z","timestamp":1777805937189,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012615","name":"university of texas health science center at houston","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012615","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease that quickly reached pandemic levels. Over 5 million COVID-19 cases and approximately 330,000 deaths have been recorded worldwide. Transmission is primarily spread through direct, indirect (through contaminated objects or surfaces), or close contact with infected people via respiratory droplets, the mouth, and\/or nose secretions. Health care professionals (HCPs), including dental HCPs, are recognized to be at considerably high risk for infection due to the close proximity to patients and aerosol-generating procedures. During pregnancy, HCPs may be at even higher risk since pregnancy substantially increases the susceptibility to infectious diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we present the posed risks and potential effects of COVID-19 on maternal and fetal health. Current prevention and management strategies for COVID-19 on pregnant dental and HCPs are also discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant progress is being made in understanding the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of COVID-19. Pregnant women are affected more adversely with viral illnesses, although evidence of vertical transmission of COVID-19 is controversial. Based on the presence of atypical symptoms, the significant numbers of asymptomatic individuals who are COVID-19 positive, and the high susceptibility to viral diseases observed in pregnant women, recommendations have been put forth to limit the exposure of COVID-19\u2013positive or even suspected cases to pregnant HCPs, and these are likely to evolve as new information becomes available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant HCPs require extra caution: not only are they considered a high-risk population, but their work at the frontline in a pandemic may expose them to additional risks. Complete awareness of the effects of COVID-19 on maternal and fetal\/infant health, as well as prevention and management guidelines for pregnant HCPs, will allow for a safer work environment. Health care institutional policies aimed at protecting pregnant HCPs should consider avoiding their assignment as first responders, especially if equally trained staff are available.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Knowledge Transfer Statement:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental and health care professionals can use the information in this review to improve their awareness of COVID-19 risks, signs, and symptoms and the associated effects on the health of pregnant health care professionals and their unborn\/newborn children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2380084420952747","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T17:16:43Z","timestamp":1597771003000},"page":"300-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Considerations for Pregnant Dental and Health Care Workers amid COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Dahiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7057-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.C.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7197-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Letra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Center for Craniofacial Research, University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"},{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry at Houston, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3972"},{"key":"bibr2-2380084420952747","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2020. COVID-19 FAQs for obstetricians-gynecologists, obstetrics [accessed 2020 May 22]. https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical-information\/physician-faqs\/covid-19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-obstetrics"},{"key":"bibr3-2380084420952747","unstructured":"American Dental Association. 2020a. ADA: interim guidance for minimizing risk of COVID-19 transmission [accessed 2020 Aug 4]. https:\/\/promdhealth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ProMD-COVID-Risk-Mitigation-Guidelines-v2-5-1-2020-2.pdf"},{"key":"bibr4-2380084420952747","unstructured":"American Dental Association. 2020b. ADA: return to work interim guidance toolkit [accessed 2020 Apr 22]. https:\/\/success.ada.org\/~\/media\/CPS\/Files\/Open%20Files\/ADA_Return_to_Work_Toolkit.pdf"},{"key":"bibr5-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2007800"},{"key":"bibr6-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2020.100118"},{"key":"bibr7-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1792"},{"key":"bibr8-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2019. Reproductive health and the workplace [accessed 2020 Mar 21]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/topics\/repro\/infectious.html"},{"key":"bibr9-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020a. COVID-19 pandemic planning scenarios [accessed 2020 Jul 7]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/planning-scenarios.html"},{"key":"bibr10-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020b. Data on COVID-19 during pregnancy [accessed 2020 Jul 7]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/cases-updates\/special-populations\/pregnancy-data-on-covid-19.html"},{"key":"bibr11-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020c. Guidance for dental settings [accessed 2020 Jul 7]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/dental-settings.html"},{"key":"bibr12-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020d. Healthcare personnels: frequently asked questions and answers [accessed 2020 Jun 20]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/faq.html"},{"key":"bibr13-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen H, Guo J, Wang C, Luo F, Yu X, Zhang W, Li J, Zhao D, Xu D, Gong Q, et al. 2020. Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records. Lancet. 395(10226):809\u2013815.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30360-3"},{"key":"bibr14-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen J. 2020. The line is forming for a COVID-19 vaccine: who should be at the front? Science. 369(6499):15\u201316. https:\/\/www.sciencemag.org\/news\/2020\/06\/line-forming-covid-19-vaccine-who-should-be-front","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd5770"},{"issue":"18","key":"bibr15-2380084420952747","first-page":"1846","volume":"323","author":"Dong L","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bibr16-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6925a1"},{"key":"bibr17-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13182"},{"key":"bibr18-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eahr.500060"},{"key":"bibr19-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. 2018. Pregnant women: Scientific and ethical considerations for inclusion in clinical trials [accessed 2020 Jun 7]. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/regulatory-information\/search-fda-guidance-documents\/pregnant-women-scientific-and-ethical-considerations-inclusion-clinical-trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr20-2380084420952747","first-page":"1","volume":"6","author":"G\u00fcl\u00e7in U","year":"2020","journal-title":"Critical Care Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"bibr21-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa800"},{"key":"bibr22-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2008.00963.x"},{"key":"bibr23-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.007"},{"key":"bibr24-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.028"},{"key":"bibr25-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.044"},{"key":"bibr26-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520914246"},{"key":"bibr27-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2010.00836.x"},{"key":"bibr28-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration. 2020. Guidance on preparing workplaces for COVID-19 [accessed 2020 Apr 29]. https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/Publications\/OSHA3990.pdf"},{"key":"bibr29-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00294"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr30-2380084420952747","first-page":"e50","volume":"8","author":"Panahi L","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"bibr31-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-012-8303-9"},{"key":"bibr32-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040502"},{"key":"bibr33-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58716"},{"key":"bibr34-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.02.017"},{"key":"bibr35-2380084420952747","unstructured":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. 2020. Occupational health advice for employers and pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic [accessed 2020 May 22]. https:\/\/www.rcog.org.uk\/globalassets\/documents\/guidelines\/2020-05-22-occupational-health-advice-for-employers-and-pregnant-women-during-the-covid-19\u2013pandemic.pdf"},{"key":"bibr36-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/752852"},{"key":"bibr37-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004866"},{"key":"bibr38-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2009316"},{"key":"bibr39-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.03.002"},{"key":"bibr40-2380084420952747","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2020a. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak [accessed 2020 Apr 29]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/emergencies\/covid-19"},{"key":"bibr41-2380084420952747","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2020b. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [accessed 2020 Apr 29]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/coronaviruse\/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19\u2013final-report.pdf"},{"key":"bibr42-2380084420952747","unstructured":"World Health Organization PREVENT Working Group. 2018. Pregnant women and vaccines against emerging epidemic threats - ethics guidance for preparedness, research and response [accessed 2020 Apr 29]. https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/meetings\/2018\/october\/1_PREVENT_Recs_Excerpts_for_SAGE.PDF"},{"key":"bibr43-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22579"},{"key":"bibr44-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13867"},{"issue":"18","key":"bibr45-2380084420952747","first-page":"1848","volume":"323","author":"Zeng H","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bibr46-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03897-6"},{"key":"bibr47-2380084420952747","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2020.02.06"}],"container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2380084420952747","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/2380084420952747","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/2380084420952747","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:44:47Z","timestamp":1777495487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/2380084420952747"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/2380084420952747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2380084420952747","relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-0844","2380-0852"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-0844","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-0852","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]}}}