{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:45:51Z","timestamp":1782294351718,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011073","name":"Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORC P30 DK056350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORC P30 DK056350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K08DE030235-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08DE030235-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03DE028983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03DE028983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000072","name":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DE025046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DE025046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000072","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011082","name":"School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGIBD P30 DK034987"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGIBD P30 DK034987"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Southern Association of Orthodontists Resident Research Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"american association of orthodontists foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Martin \u201cBud\u201d Schulman Postdoctoral Fellowship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Martin \u201cBud\u201d Schulman Postdoctoral Fellowship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"american association of orthodontists foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Orthodontic Faculty Development Fellowship Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005648","name":"american association of orthodontists foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Resident Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Resident Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common oral diseases are known to be associated with dysbiotic shifts in the supragingival microbiome, yet most oral microbiome associations with clinical end points emanate from cross-sectional studies. Orthodontic treatment is an elective procedure that can be exploited to prospectively examine clinically relevant longitudinal changes in the composition and function of the supragingival microbiome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 24 adolescent orthodontic patients who underwent saliva and plaque sampling and clinical examinations at time points: before fixed appliance bonding and at 1, 6, and 12 wk thereafter. Clinical indices included bleeding on probing (BOP), mean gingival index (GI), probing depths (PDs), and plaque index (PI). To study the biologically (i.e., transcriptionally) active microbial communities, RNA was extracted from plaque and saliva for RNA sequencing and microbiome bioinformatics analysis. Longitudinal changes in microbiome beta diversity were examined using PERMANOVA tests, and the relative abundance of microbial taxa was measured using Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and negative binomial and zero-inflated mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical measures of oral health deteriorated over time\u2014the proportion of sites with GI and PI \u22651 increased by over 70% between prebonding and 12 wk postbonding while the proportion of sites with PD \u22654 mm increased 2.5-fold. Streptococcus sanguinis, a health-associated species that antagonizes cariogenic pathogens, showed a lasting decrease in relative abundance during orthodontic treatment. Contrarily, caries- and periodontal disease\u2013associated taxa, including Selenomonas sputigena, Leptotrichia wadei, and Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum, increased in abundance after bonding. Relative abundances of Stomatobaculum longum and Mogibacterium diversum in prebonding saliva predicted elevated BOP 12 wk postbonding, whereas Neisseria subflava was associated with lower BOP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study offers insights into longitudinal community and species-specific changes in the supragingival microbiome transcriptome during fixed orthodontic treatment, advancing our understanding of microbial dysbioses and identifying targets of future health-promoting clinical investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Knowledge Transfer Statement:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bonding braces was associated with subsequent changes in the oral microbiome characterized by increases in disease-associated species, decreases in health-associated species, and worsened clinical measures of oral health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23800844231199393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T02:34:59Z","timestamp":1698201299000},"page":"265-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Longitudinal Microbiome Changes in Supragingival Biofilm Transcriptomes Induced by Orthodontics"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Babikow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Ghaltakhchyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"Selden Orthodontics, Huntersville, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hoxie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Sulkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontics Group, Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"},{"name":"University of Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bocklage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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