{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:35:22Z","timestamp":1792787722384,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NHMRC Project","award":["#APP1046219 2013-17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#APP1046219 2013-17"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Project","award":["#APP1144595 2018-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#APP1144595 2018-22"]}]},{"name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI gran","award":["#24K20095"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#24K20095"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00hhkn466","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal oral health is associated with the oral health of children. However, the role of free sugar intake as a potential effect modifier in this relationship remains unclear. We examined the association between maternal and child caries and assessed whether free sugar intake modifies this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were obtained from the Study of Mothers\u2019 and Infants\u2019 Life Events Affecting Oral Health (SMILE), an Australian population-based birth cohort study. Maternal caries experience, measured by the number of decayed, missing, and filled surfaces (DMFS; 0 to 9, 10 to 19, 20 to 29, or \u226530 surfaces) when children were at age 2 y was the exposure. Outcomes were children\u2019s caries experience (dmfs\/DMFS) and prevalence (dmfs\/DMFS&gt;0) at age 5 y. We investigated the association between maternal caries experience and children\u2019s caries status using negative binomial and Poisson regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. We also assessed the interaction to investigate whether free sugar intake (&lt;12 g: &lt;5% estimated energy requirement [EER], 12 to 24.9 g, \u226525g: \u226510% EER) modified this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 879 mother\u2013child dyads were analyzed (54.0% male). The average number of caries surfaces was 11.8 for mothers and 1.4 for children. Among children, 24.9%, 31.7%, and 43.3% consumed &lt;12 g, 12 to 24.9 g, and \u226525 g of free sugar daily, respectively. At age 5 y, children whose mothers had \u226530 surfaces with caries experienced a 2.84 times greater number of surfaces with caries experience (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.52 to 5.30) and had a 1.68 times higher risk of having caries (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.36). Interactions between maternal caries experience (\u226530 surfaces) and both 12 to 24.9 g or \u226525 g free sugar intake were observed (mean ratios [95% CI] for interaction terms: 11.16 [1.55 to 80.34] for 12 to 24.9 g and 17.91 [2.76 to 116.44] for \u226525 g).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Having a mother with higher caries experience increases the risk of caries among children; however, limiting free sugar intake mitigates the risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Knowledge Transfer Statement:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that having a mother with higher caries experience increases a child\u2019s risk of developing caries; limiting free sugar intake mitigates the risk. Policymakers and clinicians could promote lower caries prevalence and prevent caries severity of children by encouraging upstream policies of reducing sugar intake.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23800844251390461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T13:14:29Z","timestamp":1765977269000},"page":"626-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intergenerational Oral Conditions\u2019 Relationships: The Role of Sugar Intake"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-8643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Kiuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.S.","family":"Schuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6114-5604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y.","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Osaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8405-9872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Aida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Public Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-9949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.G.","family":"Do","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.H.","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ansari A. 2024. 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