{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T02:05:19Z","timestamp":1784599519140,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Research Fund, Research Council of Hong Kong SAR, China","award":["17106117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17106117"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to examine, among 1-y-old Hong Kong infants at high caries risk, how parental oral health attitudes and knowledge were associated with sociodemographic factors and their caring behaviors, as well as how these behaviors and sociodemographic factors were associated with infant oral health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial on infants aged 1 y with high caries risk in Hong Kong was conducted. A self-completed structured questionnaire collected family sociodemographic background, parental oral health attitudes and knowledge, and infants\u2019 oral health practices. The infants received an oral examination to assess dental caries and oral hygiene.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 579 parent\u2013infant dyads. The infants\u2019 caries experience was 1.04%. Their oral health\u2013related behaviors were unfavorable. Almost all infants (99.5%) had not been to the dentist. Parents had positive attitudes toward oral health, but their knowledge was inadequate. More positive parental oral health attitudes and greater knowledge were found among mothers, parents with higher education and income, prior oral health education, and those who cleaned or brushed their infants\u2019 teeth. Higher household income and toothbrushing with toothpaste were associated with lower plaque level, whereas sleeping with a milk bottle was associated with higher caries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Parents\u2019 understanding of and attitudes toward oral health are related to their sociodemographic background. Parents with more positive attitudes and better knowledge tend to exhibit more favorable behaviors for caring for their infants\u2019 teeth. In addition, a family\u2019s socioeconomic status and parental care practices are associated with the infant\u2019s oral health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Knowledge Transfer Statement:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study can be used by dental clinicians when providing oral health instructions to parents who bring their infants to their first dental visit. Based on the different sociodemographic backgrounds and oral health practices of parent\u2013infant dyads, the instructions could vary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23800844261454269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T11:49:47Z","timestamp":1784375387000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parental Oral Health Attitudes and Knowledge and Their High Caries Risk Infants\u2019 Oral Health Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"B.W.","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.H.M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9185-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2518-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.C.M.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7899-1460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.C.M.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alayyan W Al Halabi M Hussein I Khamis A Kowash M. 2017. A systematic review and meta-analysis of school children\u2019s caries studies in Gulf Cooperation Council states. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 7(5):234\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_237_17","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_237_17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsumait A et al. 2015. Impact of dental health on children\u2019s oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 13:98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-015-0283-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0283-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_4_1","article-title":"Guideline on infant oral health care","volume":"34","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Clinical Affairs Committee\u2014Infant Oral Health Subcommittee","year":"2012","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; Clinical Affairs Committee\u2014Infant Oral Health Subcommittee. 2012. Guideline on infant oral health care. Pediatr Dent. 34(5):e148\u2013152.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_3_2_5_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents","volume":"39","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2017","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. 2017. Caries-risk assessment and management for infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 39(6):197\u2013204.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Definition of dental home. In The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","author":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","year":"2021","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. 2021. Definition of dental home. In The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. p. 15.","journal-title":"p"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzian H et al. 2011. Untreated severe dental decay: a neglected determinant of low body mass index in 12-year-old Filipino children. BMC Public Health. 11:558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-558","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-558"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan SC Tsai JS King NM. 2002. Feeding and oral hygiene habits of preschool children in Hong Kong and their caregivers\u2019 dental knowledge and attitudes. Int J Paediatr Dent. 12(5):322\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-263x.2002.00389.x","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-263X.2002.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dye BA Vargas CM Lee JJ Magder L Tinanoff N. 2011. Assessing the relationship between children\u2019s oral health status and that of their mothers. J Am Dent Assoc. 142(2):173\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0061","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2011.0061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edelstein BL. 2009. Solving the problem of early childhood caries: a challenge for us all. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 163(7):667\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.107","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2009.107"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fisher-Owens SA et al. 2007. Influences on children\u2019s oral health: a conceptual model. Pediatrics. 120(3):e510\u2013e520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2006-3084","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-3084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerra F et al. 2024. Parental knowledge and its impact on nutrition and oral health habits in children: a cognitive investigation. J Clin Med. 13(18):5631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13185631","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185631"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_1","unstructured":"International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) Coordinating Committee. 2009. Criteria Manual\u2013International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). Dental Health Services Research Unit; [accessed 2024 May 31]. https:\/\/www.iccms-web.com\/uploads\/asset\/5ccb149905404942610729.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jackson SL Vann WF Kotch JB Pahel BT Lee JY. 2011. Impact of poor oral health on children\u2019s school attendance and performance. Am J Public Health. 101(10):1900\u20131906. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2010.200915","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.200915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaushik M Sood S. 2023. A systematic review of parents\u2019 knowledge of children\u2019s oral health. Cureus. 15(7):e41485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.41485","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41485"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lam PPY Chua H Ekambaram M Lo ECM Yiu CKY. 2022. Does early childhood caries increase caries development among school children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 19(20):13459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192013459","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192013459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin HC Wong MC Wang ZJ Lo EC. 2001. Oral health knowledge attitudes and practices of Chinese adults. J Dent Res. 80(5):1466\u20131470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345010800051601","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345010800051601"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_1","unstructured":"Martignon S et al. 2018. Risk factors for early childhood caries experience expressed by ICDAS criteria in Anapoima Colombia: a cross-sectional study. Acta Odontol Latinoam. 31(1):58\u201366."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishide R et al. 2018. Homecare protective and risk factors for early childhood caries in Japan. Environ Health Prev Med. 23(1):57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12199-018-0746-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-018-0746-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_1","volume-title":"Oral health surveys: basic methods","author":"Petersen PE","year":"2013","unstructured":"Petersen PE, Baez RJ World Health Organization. 2013. Oral health surveys: basic methods. 5th ed. World Health Organization.","edition":"5"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_2_21_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Early childhood caries: IAPD Bangkok Declaration","volume":"86","author":"Pitts NB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pitts NB, et al. 2019. Early childhood caries: IAPD Bangkok Declaration. J Dent Child (Chic). 86(2):72.","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schwarz E Lo EC. 1994. Dental health knowledge and attitudes among the middle-aged and the elderly in Hong Kong. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 22(5 Pt 2):358\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01593.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1994.tb01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin WK Braun TM Inglehart MR. 2014. Parents\u2019 dental anxiety and oral health literacy: effects on parents\u2019 and children\u2019s oral health-related experiences. J Public Health Dent. 74(3):195\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphd.12046","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silness J Loe H. 1964. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 22:121\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00016356408993968","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen K et al. 2015. Health literacy in Europe: comparative results of the European health literacy survey (HLS-EU). Eur J Public Health. 25(6):1053\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uribe SE Innes N Maldupa I. 2021. The global prevalence of early childhood caries: a systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria. Int J Paediatr Dent. 31(6):817\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ipd.12783","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandenbroucke JP et al. 2014. STROBE Initiative. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): explanation and elaboration. Int J Surg. 12(12):1500\u20131524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vozza I Capasso F Marrese E Polimeni A Ottolenghi L. 2017. Infant and child oral health risk status correlated to behavioral habits of parents or caregivers: a survey in central Italy. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 7(2):95\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_470_16","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_470_16"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_29_1.1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2017. WHO expert consultation on public health intervention against early childhood caries: report of a meeting Bangkok Thailand 26-28 January 2016. World Health Organization"},{"key":"#cr-split#-e_1_3_2_29_1.2","unstructured":"[accessed 2024 May 31]. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/255627\/WHO-NMH-PND-17.1-eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu KF et al. 2022. Effectiveness of family-centered oral health promotion on toddler oral health in Hong Kong. J Dent Res. 101(3):286\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00220345211036663","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211036663"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaborskis A et al. 2024. Parental attitudes towards child oral health and their structural analysis. Children (Basel). 11(3):333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children11030333","DOI":"10.3390\/children11030333"}],"container-title":["JDR Clinical &amp; Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23800844261454269","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23800844261454269","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23800844261454269","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1784598492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/23800844261454269"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/23800844261454269"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23800844261454269","relation":{},"ISSN":["2380-0844","2380-0852"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2380-0844","type":"print"},{"value":"2380-0852","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]]},"article-number":"23800844261454269"}}