{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T06:56:34Z","timestamp":1782543394294,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2844,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prediction models for clinical outcome after carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy could aid physicians in estimating peri- and postprocedural risks in individual patients. We aimed to identify existing prediction models for short- and long-term outcome after carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis, and to summarise their most important predictors and predictive performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic literature search for studies that developed a prediction model or risk score published until 22 December 2016. Eligible prediction models had to predict the risk of vascular events with at least one patient characteristic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 37 studies that developed 46 prediction models. Thirty-four (74%) models were developed in carotid endarterectomy patients; 27 of these (59%) predicted short-term (in-hospital or within 30 days) risk. Most commonly predicted outcome was stroke or death (n\u2009=\u200912; 26%). Age (n\u2009=\u200931; 67%), diabetes mellitus (n\u2009=\u200921; 46%), heart failure (n\u2009=\u200916; 35%), and contralateral carotid stenosis \u226550% or occlusion (n\u2009=\u200916; 35%) were most commonly used as predictors. For 25 models (54%), it was unclear how missing data were handled; a complete case analysis was performed in 15 (33%) of the remaining 21 models. Twenty-eight (61%) models reported the full regression formula or risk score with risk classification. Twenty-one (46%) models were validated internally and 12 (26%) externally. Discriminative performance (c-statistic) ranged from 0.66 to 0.94 for models after carotid artery stenting and from 0.58 to 0.74 for models after carotid endarterectomy. The c-statistic ranged from 0.55 to 0.72 for the external validations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and contralateral carotid stenosis \u226550% or occlusion were most often used as predictors in all models. Discriminative performance (c-statistic) was higher for prediction models after carotid artery stenting than after carotid endarterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical usefulness of most prediction models for short- or long-term outcome after carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy remains unclear because of incomplete reporting, methodological limitations, and lack of external validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987317739122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T11:06:48Z","timestamp":1508843208000},"page":"57-65","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prediction models for clinical outcome after a carotid revascularisation procedure: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Eline J","family":"Volkers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 1"},{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ale","family":"Algra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 1"},{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L Jaap","family":"Kappelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacoba P","family":"Greving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113202855500_bibr1-2396987317739122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000341410","article-title":"Carotid artery stenosis as a cause of stroke","volume":"40","author":"Flaherty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"2026012113202855500_bibr2-2396987317739122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01309-4","article-title":"Association between age and risk of stroke or death from carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting: a meta-analysis of 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