{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T02:38:29Z","timestamp":1792550309538,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":323,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is present in more than 50% of acute stroke patients, increases the risk of complications, in particular aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition and dehydration, and is linked to poor outcome and mortality. The aim of this guideline is to assist all members of the multidisciplinary team in their management of patients with PSD. These guidelines were developed based on the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) standard operating procedure and followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. An interdisciplinary working group identified 20 relevant questions, performed systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature, assessed the quality of the available evidence and wrote evidence-based recommendations. Expert opinion was provided if not enough evidence was available to provide recommendations based on the GRADE approach. We found moderate quality of evidence to recommend dysphagia screening in all stroke patients to prevent post-stroke pneumonia and to early mortality and low quality of evidence to suggest dysphagia assessment in stroke patients having been identified at being at risk of PSD. We found low to moderate quality of evidence for a variety of treatment options to improve swallowing physiology and swallowing safety. These options include dietary interventions, behavioural swallowing treatment including acupuncture, nutritional interventions, oral health care, different pharmacological agents and different types of neurostimulation treatment. Some of the studied interventions also had an impact on other clinical endpoints such as feedings status or pneumonia. Overall, further randomized trials are needed to improve the quality of evidence for the treatment of PSD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873211039721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T09:53:08Z","timestamp":1630662788000},"page":"LXXXIX-CXV","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":329,"title":["European Stroke Organisation and European Society for Swallowing Disorders guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of post-stroke dysphagia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1592-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Dziewas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, M\u00fcnster, Germany 1"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Klinikum Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Michou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Greece 3"},{"name":"Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3740-9136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Trapl-Grundschober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avtar","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guidelines Methodologist, European Stroke Organisation, Basel, Switzerland 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethem Murat","family":"Arsava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M","family":"Bath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Trials Unit, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK 8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Clav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades, Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Hospital de Matar\u00f3, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Matar\u00f3, Spain 9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Glahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurogeriatry, Johannes Wesling Medical Center Minden, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany 10"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheen","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gastrointestinal Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and the Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), Manchester, UK 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sue","family":"Pownall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech & Language Therapy, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK 11"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Phoniatric Unit, Sacco Hospital Milano, University of Milano, Milan, Italy 12"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Walshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland 13"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Wirth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany 14"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK 15"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Verin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France 16"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr1-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0b013e32832b255e","article-title":"Cortical input in control of swallowing","volume":"17","author":"Michou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr2-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.929","article-title":"Brain stem control of swallowing: Neuronal network and cellular mechanisms","volume":"81","author":"Jean","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr3-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016639057","article-title":"Post-stroke dysphagia: a review and design considerations for future trials","volume":"11","author":"Cohen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr4-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02068-0","article-title":"Explaining oropharyngeal dysphagia after unilateral hemispheric stroke","volume":"350","author":"Hamdy","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr5-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-11-34","article-title":"Cortical swallowing processing in early subacute stroke","volume":"11","author":"Teismann","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr6-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000190056.76543.eb","article-title":"Dysphagia after stroke","volume":"36","author":"Martino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr7-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.7.1200","article-title":"Complications and outcome after acute stroke","volume":"27","author":"Smithard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr8-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1159\/000016094","article-title":"Swallowing disorders following acute stroke: prevalence and diagnostic accuracy","volume":"10","author":"Mann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr9-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9746-2","article-title":"Recognizing the importance of dysphagia: stumbling blocks and stepping stones in the twenty-first century","volume":"32","author":"Dziewas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"issue":"Suppl A100","key":"2026012113173062400_bibr10-23969873211039721","first-page":"128","article-title":"The European stroke organisation guidelines: a standard operating procedure","volume":"10","author":"Ntaios","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr11-23969873211039721","volume-title":"CEBM (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine)","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr12-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr13-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The cochrane collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr14-23969873211039721","volume-title":"Grade Working Group. Overview of Grade Approach","author":"Group GW","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr15-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000445299","article-title":"Dysphagia in patients with acute ischemic stroke: Early dysphagia screening may reduce stroke-related pneumonia and improve stroke outcomes","volume":"42","author":"Al-Khaled","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr16-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066612437512","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of pneumonia in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"28","author":"Alsumrain","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr17-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148424","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148424","article-title":"Dysphagia in acute stroke: Incidence, burden and impact on clinical outcome","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr18-23969873211039721","first-page":"2014","article-title":"Failed bedside dysphagia screen predicts pneumonia treatment in acute stroke: a resident quality initiative project in a jc-certified primary stroke center (p3. 124)","author":"Babi"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr19-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032012000200005","article-title":"Risk factors for swallowing dysfunction in stroke patients","volume":"49","author":"Baroni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr20-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9543-8","article-title":"The one-year attributable cost of post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"29","author":"Bonilha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr21-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1159\/000366423","article-title":"Dysphagia and factors associated with respiratory infections in the first week post stroke","volume":"43","author":"Brogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr22-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(96)90167-7","article-title":"Functional outcome in brain stem stroke patients after rehabilitation","volume":"77","author":"Chua","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr23-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003048","article-title":"Spontaneous swallowing frequency has potential to identify dysphagia in acute stroke","volume":"44","author":"Crary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr24-23969873211039721","first-page":"855","article-title":"Risk factors for pneumonia in acute stroke patients admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary government hospital","volume":"7","author":"De Castillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr25-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.9.1655","article-title":"Dysphagia therapy following stroke: a controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"DePippo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurolo"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr26-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.01.009","article-title":"Oropharyngeal dysphagia after stroke: incidence, diagnosis, and clinical predictors in patients admitted to a neurorehabilitation unit","volume":"18","author":"Falsetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr27-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31823152b1","article-title":"Risk factors, inpatient care, and outcomes of pneumonia after ischemic stroke","volume":"77","author":"Finlayson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurolo"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr28-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6595.411","article-title":"Dysphagia in acute stroke","volume":"295","author":"Gordon","year":"1987","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr29-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3109\/09638289609166040","article-title":"Validation of the 50 ml3drinking test for evaluation of post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"18","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr30-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02526.x","article-title":"Effect of dysphasia and dysphagia on inpatient mortality and hospital length of stay: a database study","volume":"57","author":"Guyomard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr31-23969873211039721","first-page":"553","article-title":"Risk factors and outcome of dysphagia after an acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"61","author":"Hamidon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr32-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/91.12.829","article-title":"Assessment of swallowing and referral to speech and language therapists in acute stroke","volume":"91","author":"Hinds","year":"1998","journal-title":"QJM : monthly J Assoc Physicians"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr33-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3671","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16671964","article-title":"Stroke-induced immunodepression and dysphagia independently predict stroke-associated pneumonia - the predict study","volume":"37","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr34-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.112.653055","article-title":"Development of a clinical score (A 2 DS 2 ) to predict pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"43","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr35-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540220099020","article-title":"Aspiration and relative risk of medical complications following stroke","volume":"51","author":"Holas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr36-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2014.12.007","article-title":"National institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) as an early predictor of poststroke dysphagia","volume":"7","author":"Jeyaseelan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr37-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.015332","article-title":"Predictors and outcomes of dysphagia screening after acute ischemic stroke","volume":"48","author":"Joundi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr38-23969873211039721","first-page":"409","article-title":"The natural history and clinical consequences of aspiration in acute stroke","volume":"88","author":"Kidd","year":"1995","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr39-23969873211039721","first-page":"101","article-title":"Acd2d4 scale for predicting stroke related pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"International J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr40-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.597039","article-title":"Utility of dysphagia screening results in predicting poststroke pneumonia","volume":"41","author":"Lakshminarayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr41-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2006.04.009","article-title":"Dysphagia in acute ischaemic stroke: severity, recovery and relationship to stroke subtype","volume":"14","author":"Langdon","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr42-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s004550000038","article-title":"Accuracy of bedside clinical methods compared with fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) in determining the risk of aspiration in acute stroke patients","volume":"16","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr43-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006435","article-title":"Infection after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"45","author":"Lord","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr44-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000355477","article-title":"Dysphagia following acute thalamic haemorrhage: clinical correlates and outcomes","volume":"71","author":"Maeshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr45-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.4.744","article-title":"Swallowing function after stroke","volume":"30","author":"Mann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr46-23969873211039721","first-page":"186","article-title":"Incidence, risk factors and complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia one year after stroke","volume":"1","author":"Muriana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr47-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80121-9","article-title":"Swallow management in patients on an acute stroke pathway: quality is cost effective","volume":"76","author":"Odderson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr48-23969873211039721","first-page":"702","article-title":"Dysphagia in stroke patients. Risk factors and impact on prognosis","volume":"37","author":"Palomeras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebrovascular Diseases"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr49-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13338","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13338","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia in stroke patients: a cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Rofes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr50-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.33588\/rn.27159.98077","article-title":"Alteraciones de la degluci\u00f3n en el accidente cerebrovascular: incidencia, historia natural y repercusiones sobre el estado utricional, la morbilidad y la mortalidad","volume":"27","author":"Sala","year":"1998","journal-title":"RevNeurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr51-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afl149","article-title":"Long-term outcome after stroke: does dysphagia matter?","volume":"36","author":"Smithard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr52-23969873211039721","first-page":"846","article-title":"Etiopathogenesis and predictors of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in posterior circulation strokes--a 2 year registry with concordant comparison with anterior circulation strokes","volume":"55","author":"Sundar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr53-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03543.x","article-title":"Motor loss and swallowing difficulty after stroke: Frequency, recovery, and prognosis","volume":"76","author":"Wade","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr54-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00338-9","article-title":"A prognostic index for 30-day mortality after stroke","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr55-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0150298","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150298","article-title":"The a2ds2 score as a predictor of pneumonia and in-hospital death after acute ischemic stroke in chinese populations","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr56-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1159\/000487811","article-title":"The effect of improved dysphagia care on outcome in patients with acute stroke: trends from 8-year data of a large stroke register","volume":"45","author":"Suntrup-Krueger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr57-23969873211039721","first-page":"118","article-title":"The impact of pneumonia on hospital stay among patients hospitalized for acute stroke","volume":"19","author":"Bijani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosciences (Riyadh)"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr58-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e318284056a","article-title":"Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"44","author":"Jauch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr59-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-5-14","article-title":"Guideline clinical nutrition in patients with stroke","volume":"5","author":"Wirth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Trans Stroke Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr60-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.09.003","article-title":"Espen guideline clinical nutrition in neurology","volume":"37","author":"Burgos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr61-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493016643553","article-title":"Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: Stroke rehabilitation practice guidelines, update 2015","volume":"11","author":"Hebert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr62-23969873211039721","volume-title":"National clinical Guideline for Stroke","author":"Party ISW","year":"2016","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr63-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-015-4395-5","article-title":"Aktualisierte zertifizierungskriterien f\u00fcr regionale und \u00fcberregionale Stroke-Units in Deutschland","volume":"86","author":"Nabavi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nervenarzt"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr64-23969873211039721","first-page":"e99","article-title":"Review of evidenced-based nursing protocols for dysphagia assessment. Stroke","volume":"48","author":"Fedder","year":"2017","journal-title":"a J Cereb Circ"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr65-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3988\/jcn.2018.14.3.265","article-title":"Swallowing and aspiration risk: a critical review of non instrumental bedside screening tests","volume":"14","author":"Virvidaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol (Seoul, Korea)"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr66-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13013","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of the water swallow test for screening aspiration in stroke patients","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr67-23969873211039721","first-page":"776","article-title":"Systemic review on highly qualified screening tests for swallowing disorders following stroke: validity and reliability issues","volume":"19","author":"Poorjavad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr68-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-013-9490-9","article-title":"Bedside screening to detect oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with neurological disorders: an updated systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Kertscher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr69-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2008.04915.x","article-title":"Bedside screening tests vs. videofluoroscopy or fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing to detect dysphagia in patients with neurological disorders: Systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Bours","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr70-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.640946","article-title":"Valid Items for screening dysphagia risk in patients with stroke","volume":"43","author":"Daniels","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr71-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9565-2","article-title":"Improving post-stroke dysphagia outcomes through a standardized and multidisciplinary protocol: an exploratory cohort study","volume":"29","author":"Gandolfi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr72-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000177529.86868.8d","article-title":"Formal dysphagia screening protocols prevent pneumonia","volume":"36","author":"Hinchey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr73-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.04.001","article-title":"Dysphagia screening decreases pneumonia in acute stroke patients admitted to the stroke intensive care unit","volume":"306","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr74-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-313356","article-title":"The association between delays in screening for and assessing dysphagia after acute stroke, and the risk of stroke-associated pneumonia","volume":"88","author":"Bray","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr75-23969873211039721","first-page":"15","article-title":"Dysphagia screening\/assessment is associated with reduced 30 day mortality after acute stroke","volume":"10","author":"Grimley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr76-23969873211039721","first-page":"73","article-title":"The importance of a multidisciplinar approach to dysphagia in acute stroke","volume":"72","author":"Guillan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Age"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr77-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3154","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000204","article-title":"Prospective quality initiative to maximize dysphagia screening reduces hospital-acquired pneumonia prevalence in patients with stroke","volume":"44","author":"Titsworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr78-23969873211039721","first-page":"E279","article-title":"An interdisciplinary approach to the prevention of aspiration pneumonia in patients with a diagnosis of stroke","volume":"40","author":"Clements","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr79-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2012.11.013","article-title":"Dysphagia screening and hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with acute ischemic stroke: findings from get with the guidelines-stroke","volume":"22","author":"Masrur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr80-23969873211039721","first-page":"217","article-title":"Poor levels of swallow screening associated with increased rates of pneumonia","volume":"1","author":"McCormack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr81-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0148-4","article-title":"Impact of delay in early swallow screening on pneumonia, length of stay in hospital, disability and mortality in acute stroke patients","volume":"72","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr82-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.018157","article-title":"Early dysphagia screening by trained nurses reduces pneumonia rate in stroke patients","volume":"48","author":"Palli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr83-23969873211039721","first-page":"138","article-title":"Stroke patients admitted within normal working hours are more likely to achieve process standards and to have better outcomes","volume":"87","author":"Turner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr84-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0b013e31828a412c","article-title":"Dysphagia screening and intensified oral hygiene reduce pneumonia after stroke","volume":"45","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr85-23969873211039721","first-page":"46","article-title":"128the sooner the better: does early speech and language therapy involvement in stroke management result in better dysphagia outcomes?","author":"Dhufaigh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr86-23969873211039721","first-page":"147","article-title":"An evaluation of implementation of evidence-based guidelines for dysphagia screening and assessment following acute stroke: phase 2 of an evidence-based practice project","volume":"2","author":"Perry","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Excell"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr87-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.03.046","article-title":"The use of an emergency department dysphagia screen is associated with decreased pneumonia in acute strokes","volume":"36","author":"Schrock","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr88-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ATMP70","DOI":"10.1161\/str.48.suppl_1.tmp70","article-title":"Abstract tmp70: the emergency department screen is associated with lower rates of pneumonia in acute hemorrhagic stroke patients","volume":"48","author":"Schrock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stroke; a J Cereb Circ"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr89-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ATP255","DOI":"10.1161\/str.47.suppl_1.tp255","article-title":"Abstract tp255: The emergency department dysphagia screen is associated with lower rates of pneumonia in acute ischemic stroke patients","volume":"47","author":"Schrock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr90-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318195f852","article-title":"Quality of care and length of hospital stay among patients with stroke","volume":"47","author":"Svendsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr91-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2948","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.483933","article-title":"Dysphagia bedside screening for acute-stroke patients","volume":"38","author":"Trapl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr92-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13251","article-title":"Aspiration and dysphagia screening in acute stroke - the gugging swallowing screen revisited","volume":"24","author":"Warnecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr93-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.011","article-title":"Accuracy of the volume-viscosity swallow test for clinical screening of oropharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration","volume":"27","author":"Clav\u00e9","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr94-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12382","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the eating assessment tool and the volume-viscosity swallow test for clinical evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"26","author":"Rofes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr95-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-130997","article-title":"Usefulness of the volume-viscosity swallow test for screening dysphagia in subacute stroke patients in rehabilitation income","volume":"33","author":"Guill\u00e9n-Sol\u00e0","year":"2013","journal-title":"NRE"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr96-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0436-1","article-title":"Malnutrition in stroke patients: risk factors, assessment, and management","volume":"29","author":"Sabbouh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr97-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509236038","article-title":"Adult malnutrition screening, prevalence and management in a united kingdom hospital: cross-sectional study","volume":"102","author":"Lamb","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJN"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr98-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0415","article-title":"A review of the relationship between dysphagia and malnutrition following stroke","volume":"41","author":"Foley","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr99-23969873211039721","first-page":"290","article-title":"Prevalence of malnutrition and its risk factors in stroke patients residing in an infirmary","volume":"49","author":"Chai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr100-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.017","article-title":"Risk of malnutrition is an independent predictor of mortality, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization costs in stroke patients","volume":"25","author":"Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl A100","key":"2026012113173062400_bibr101-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12554","article-title":"Prognostic importance of weight change on short-term functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr102-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.10.002","article-title":"Malnutrition increases the incidence of death, cardiovascular events, and infections in patients with stroke after rehabilitation","volume":"27","author":"Maruyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr103-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996486.0000","volume-title":"Disease-related Malnutrition: An Evidence-Based Approach to Treatment","author":"Stratton","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr104-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(02)00214-5","article-title":"Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): A new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials","volume":"22","author":"Kondrup","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr105-23969873211039721","first-page":"127","article-title":"The \u2018must\u2019report. Nutritional screening for adults: a multidisciplinary responsibility. Development and use of the \u2018Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool\u2019(\u2018MUST\u2019) for adults","author":"Elia","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026012113173062400_bibr106-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-020-0605-8","article-title":"Being at risk of malnutrition predicts poor outcomes at 3 months in acute ischemic stroke patients","volume":"74","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr107-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104405","article-title":"An observational cohort study investigating risk of malnutrition using the malnutrition universal screening tool in patients with stroke","volume":"28","author":"Sremanakova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr108-23969873211039721","volume-title":"Masa: The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability","author":"Mann","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr109-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009583","article-title":"A screening procedure for oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"14","author":"Logemann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr110-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-002-0054-7","article-title":"Aspiration risk after acute stroke: comparison of clinical examination and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing","volume":"17","author":"Leder","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr111-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2005\/089)","article-title":"Utility of clinical swallowing examination measures for detecting aspiration post-stroke","volume":"48","author":"McCullough","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr112-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/00020840-200312000-00014","article-title":"Evaluation of oropharyngeal dysphagia: which diagnostic tool is superior?","volume":"11","author":"Langmore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr113-23969873211039721","first-page":"637","article-title":"Aspiration in rehabilitation patients: videofluoroscopy vs bedside clinical assessment","volume":"69","author":"Splaingard","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr114-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.6.1203","article-title":"Assessing the laryngeal cough reflex and the risk of developing pneumonia after stroke","volume":"30","author":"Addington","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr115-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e3182556701","article-title":"Cough peak flow as a predictor of pulmonary morbidity in patients with dysphagia","volume":"91","author":"Bianchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr116-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00565.x","article-title":"Relation between incidence of pneumonia and protective reflexes in post-stroke patients with oral or tube feeding","volume":"247","author":"Nakajoh","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr117-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1122","article-title":"Predicting aspiration in patients with ischemic stroke","volume":"135","author":"Smith Hammond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr118-23969873211039721","volume-title":"Manual for the Videofluorographic Study of Swallowing","author":"Logemann","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr119-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13111","article-title":"Videofluoroscopic assessment of the pathophysiology of chronic poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"29","author":"Vilardell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr120-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03118.x","article-title":"The effect of bolus viscosity on swallowing function in neurogenic dysphagia","volume":"24","author":"Clav\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr121-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300753","article-title":"Natural capsaicinoids improve swallow response in older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"62","author":"Rofes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr122-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-008-9185-9","article-title":"MBS measurement tool for swallow impairment-MBSImp: establishing a standard","volume":"23","author":"Martin-Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr123-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S165657","article-title":"Oropharyngeal swallow physiology and swallowing-related quality of life in underweight patients with concomitant advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"13","author":"Garand","year":"2018","journal-title":"COPD"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr124-23969873211039721","first-page":"73","article-title":"Endoscopic procedures to evaluate oropharyngeal swallowing","volume-title":"Endoscopic evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders","author":"Langmore","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr125-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9775-x","article-title":"History of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing for evaluation and management of pharyngeal dysphagia: changes over the years","volume":"32","author":"Langmore","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr126-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.04.004","article-title":"Elderly age, bilateral lesions, and severe neurological deficit are correlated with stroke-associated pneumonia","volume":"23","author":"Maeshima","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr127-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.478156","article-title":"Risk factors for chest infection in acute stroke","volume":"38","author":"Sellars","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr128-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2003.019075","article-title":"Pneumonia in acute stroke patients fed by nasogastric tube","volume":"75","author":"Dziewas","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr129-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.07.013","article-title":"Initial national institute of health stroke scale to early predict the improvement of swallowing in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr130-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1159\/000493371","article-title":"Predicting dysphagia with national institute of health stroke scale: distinction between infra- and supratentorial region is essential","volume":"46","author":"Labeit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr131-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1159\/000336240","article-title":"Using the national institute of health stroke scale to predict dysphagia in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"33","author":"Okubo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr132-23969873211039721","first-page":"25","article-title":"Dysphagia and pharmacotherapy in older adults","volume":"22","author":"Wirth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr133-23969873211039721","article-title":"Neurogene dysphagie, s1-leitliniein","volume-title":"Leitlinien f\u00fcr diagnostik und therapie in der neurologie","author":"Dziewas","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr134-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12447","article-title":"Knowledge and practice of healthcare professionals relating to oral medicine use in swallowing-impaired patients: a scoping review","volume":"26","author":"Masilamoney","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr135-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.09.031","article-title":"Speech-language pathologist-led fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing: functional outcomes for patients after stroke","volume":"23","author":"Bax","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr136-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.116953","article-title":"A combined approach of bedside clinical examination and flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in poststroke dysphagia: a pilot study","volume":"16","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr137-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-019-1499-8","article-title":"Adjustment of oral diet based on flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (fees) in acute stroke patients: a cross-sectional hospital-based registry study","volume":"19","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr138-23969873211039721","first-page":"1","article-title":"Safety and clinical impact of fees \u2013 results of the fees-registry","volume":"1","author":"Dziewas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Practice and Research"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr139-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.1.9","article-title":"Recommendation of nasogastric tube removal in acute stroke patients based on videofluoroscopic swallow study","volume":"41","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr140-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200004000-00008","article-title":"Prospective, randomized outcome study of endoscopy versus modified barium swallow in patients with dysphagia","volume":"110","author":"Aviv","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr141-23969873211039721","first-page":"222","article-title":"Cough reflex testing in dysphagia following stroke: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Miles","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr142-23969873211039721","first-page":"Cd000323","article-title":"Swallowing therapy for dysphagia in acute and subacute stroke","volume":"10","author":"Bath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr143-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-014-9578-x","article-title":"The influence of food texture and liquid consistency modification on swallowing physiology and function: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Steele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr144-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9672-8","article-title":"A comparative study between modified starch and xanthan gum thickeners in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"31","author":"Vilardell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr145-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13695","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13695","article-title":"Effect of a gum-based thickener on the safety of swallowing in patients with poststroke oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"31","author":"Bolivar-Prados","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr146-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12696","article-title":"The effects of a xanthan gum-based thickener on the swallowing function of patients with dysphagia","volume":"39","author":"Rofes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr147-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnme.2013.05.003","article-title":"Systematic review and evidence based recommendations on texture modified foods and thickened fluids for adults (\u226518 years) with oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"8","author":"Andersen","year":"2013","journal-title":"e-SPEN J"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr148-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9696-8","article-title":"Effect of bolus viscosity on the safety and efficacy of swallowing and the kinematics of the swallow response in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: White paper by the european society for swallowing disorders (ESSD)","volume":"31","author":"Newman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr149-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061873","article-title":"Therapeutic effect, rheological properties and \u03b1-amylase resistance of a new mixed starch and xanthan gum thickener on four different phenotypes of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"12","author":"Ortega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr150-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/MOO.0000000000000251","article-title":"A review of diet standardization and bolus rheology in the management of dysphagia","volume":"24","author":"Hanson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr151-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9758-y","article-title":"Development of international terminology and definitions for texture-modified foods and thickened fluids used in dysphagia management: The iddsi framework","volume":"32","author":"Cichero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr152-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.11093-1","article-title":"Oropharyngeal Dysphagia","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of gastroenterology","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Guill\u00e9n","year":"2020","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr153-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533608329440","article-title":"Reduced incidence of aspiration with spoon-thick consistency in stroke patients","volume":"24","author":"Diniz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr154-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/154596839701100301","article-title":"A randomized control study to determine the effects of unlimited oral intake of water in patients with identified aspiration","volume":"11","author":"Garon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr155-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1191\/026921500667340586","article-title":"Ealuation of the benefits of monitoring fluid thickness in the dietary management of dysphagic stroke patients","volume":"14","author":"Goulding","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr156-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9694-x","article-title":"Does a water protocol improve the hydration and health status of individuals with thin liquid aspiration following stroke? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr157-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1054\/clnu.2001.0467","article-title":"Inadequate fluid intakes in dysphagic acute stroke","volume":"20","author":"Whelan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr158-23969873211039721","first-page":"3834","article-title":"Coagulant and enteral nutrition agent in the rehabilitation of deglutition disorders for patients with acute stroke","volume":"7","author":"Yuan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr159-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.27379","article-title":"Quantifying fluid intake in dysphagic stroke patients: a preliminary comparison of oral and nonoral strategies","volume":"82","author":"Finestone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr160-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000114","article-title":"Barriers to oral fluid intake","volume":"47","author":"McGrail","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs: J Am Assoc Neurosci Nurses"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr161-23969873211039721","first-page":"171","article-title":"Energy and protein intakes of acute stroke patients","volume":"10","author":"Foley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr162-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00007","article-title":"Comparison of 2 Interventions for liquid aspiration on pneumonia incidence","volume":"148","author":"Robbins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr163-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1518","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.1997.272.6.G1518","article-title":"Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise","volume":"272","author":"Shaker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiology-Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr164-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.2069","article-title":"Effect of the masako maneuver and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the improvement of swallowing function in patients with dysphagia caused by stroke","volume":"28","author":"Byeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr165-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12382","article-title":"Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on oropharyngeal dysphagia in subacute stroke patients: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr166-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9993(93)90035-9","article-title":"Chin-down posture effect on aspiration in dysphagic patients","volume":"74","author":"Shanahan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr167-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-001-0095-3","article-title":"Surface electromyographic and electroglottographic studies in normal subjects under two swallow conditions: normal and during the mendelsohn manuever","volume":"17","author":"Ding","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr168-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2015.1024171","article-title":"Efficacy of exercises to rehabilitate dysphagia: a critique of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Langmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J speech-language Pathol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr169-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-016-2457-6","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of acupuncture combining standard swallowing training for post-stroke dysphagia: a prospective cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Mao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr170-23969873211039721","first-page":"119","article-title":"Effects of early intervention of swallowing therapy on recovery from dysphagia following stroke","volume":"14","author":"Bakhtiyari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr171-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70252-0","article-title":"Behavioural intervention for dysphagia in acute stroke: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"5","author":"Carnaby","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr172-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172192","article-title":"Effects of resistance expiratory muscle strength training in elderly patients with dysphagic stroke","volume":"41","author":"Eom","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nre"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr173-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215516652446","article-title":"Respiratory muscle strength training and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in subacute dysphagic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Guill\u00e9n-Sol\u00e0","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr174-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12234","article-title":"Effect of expiratory muscle strength training on swallowing-related muscle strength in community-dwelling elderly individuals: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"34","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr175-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172145","article-title":"Effects of shaker exercise in stroke survivors with oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"41","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"NRE"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr176-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1605597","article-title":"Efficacy of myofunctional therapy associated with voice therapy in the rehabilitation of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Fraga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr177-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.16.04346-X","article-title":"Effects of chin tuck against resistance exercise versus shaker exercise on dysphagia and psychological state after cerebral infarction","volume":"53","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr178-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3355","article-title":"Immediate effects of kinesio taping on the movement of the hyoid bone and epiglottis during swallowing by stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"27","author":"Heo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr179-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12461","article-title":"Tongue-to-palate resistance training improves tongue strength and oropharyngeal swallowing function in subacute stroke survivors with dysphagia","volume":"44","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr180-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.1005","article-title":"Effects of neck exercises on swallowing function of patients with stroke","volume":"27","author":"Don Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr181-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2018.42.4.542","article-title":"Efficacy of a 4-week swallowing rehabilitation program combined with pyriform sinus ballooning in patients with post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr182-23969873211039721","first-page":"71","article-title":"Proposal for a modified jaw opening exercise for dysphagia: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Koyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tokai J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr183-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.007110","article-title":"Does respiratory muscle training improve cough flow in acute stroke? Pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"46","author":"Kulnik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr184-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001827","article-title":"Inspiratory and expiratory muscle training in subacute stroke","volume":"85","author":"Messaggi-Sartor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr185-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.609","article-title":"Effects of expiratory muscle strength training on swallowing function in acute stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"29","author":"Moon","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr186-23969873211039721","first-page":"204","article-title":"The effects of tongue pressure strength and accuracy training on tongue pressure strength, swallowing function, and quality of life in subacute stroke patients with dysphagia: A preliminary randomized clinical trial","volume":"41","author":"Moon","year":"2018","journal-title":"International J Rehabilitation Research Internationale Zeitschrift fur Rehabilitationsforschung. Revue internationale de recherches de readaptation"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr187-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.3631","article-title":"Effect of tongue strength training using the iowa oral performance instrument in stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr188-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12492","article-title":"Effect of head lift exercise on kinematic motion of the hyolaryngeal complex and aspiration in patients with dysphagic stroke","volume":"44","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr189-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-172250","article-title":"Effect of chin tuck against resistance exercise on patients with dysphagia following stroke: a randomized pilot study","volume":"42","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"NRE"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr190-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-005-9009-0","article-title":"Evaluating oral stimulation as a treatment for dysphagia after stroke","volume":"21","author":"Power","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr191-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-016-9699-5","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing two tongue-pressure resistance training protocols for post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"31","author":"Steele","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr192-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.1967","article-title":"Effect of the combination of mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing on aspiration in patients with dysphagia after stroke","volume":"29","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr193-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2012.36.4.512","article-title":"The effect of bedside exercise program on stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"36","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr194-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.01.003","article-title":"Swallowing training combined with game-based biofeedback in poststroke dysphagia","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr195-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0309-2402.2003.02830.x","article-title":"Efficacy of swallowing training for residents following stroke","volume":"44","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr196-23969873211039721","first-page":"35","article-title":"The role of different needling manipulation in adjusting swallow-period obstacle of dysphagia after stroke","volume":"27","author":"Jing","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr197-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(12)60027-2","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of acupuncture for neurogenic dysphagia-a randomized controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Chan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Traditional Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr198-23969873211039721","first-page":"737","article-title":"Efficacy observation of dysphagia after acute stroke treated with acupuncture and functional electric stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr199-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1193-y","article-title":"Additional effects of acupuncture on early comprehensive rehabilitation in patients with mild to moderate acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr200-23969873211039721","first-page":"627","article-title":"Efficacy observation of post-stroke dysphagia treated with acupuncture at lianquan (cv 23)","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr201-23969873211039721","first-page":"691","article-title":"Effects of gao\u2019s neck acupuncture on swallowing function and quality of life in patients with post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy: a randomized controlled trial]","volume":"37","author":"Chu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr202-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-5257(17)30002-8","article-title":"Clinical observations on acupuncture treatment of postapoplectic dysphagia","volume":"26","author":"Fan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shanghai J Acupunct Moxibust"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr203-23969873211039721","first-page":"347","article-title":"Acuuncture combined with swallowing training for post-stroke dysphagia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"36","author":"Feng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr204-23969873211039721","first-page":"81","article-title":"An observation on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture for bulbar palsy after acute stroke","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2004","journal-title":"Henan J Pract Nerv Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr205-23969873211039721","first-page":"505","article-title":"Effect of acupuncture on quality of life in post-ischemic stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr206-23969873211039721","first-page":"969","article-title":"Dysphagia after stroke treated with acupuncture or electric stimulation: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr207-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-006-0336-y","article-title":"Treatment of 40 cases of post-apoplectic dysphagia by acupuncture plus rehabilitation exercise","volume":"4","author":"Jia","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr208-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-010-0419-7","article-title":"Clinical study on puncturing renying (st 9) to treat poststroke dysphagia","volume":"8","author":"Jin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr209-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13164","article-title":"Effect of press needles on swallowing reflex in older adults with cerebrovascular disease: a randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"62","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr210-23969873211039721","first-page":"26","article-title":"Treatment of pseudobulbar paralysis by scalp acupuncture and sublingual needling","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr211-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-012-0568-y","article-title":"Influence of acupuncture on remodeling of swallowing functions for patients with pseudobulbar palsy after cerebral infarction","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr212-23969873211039721","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Post-stroke dysphagia treated with acupoint injection combined with neural electrical stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr213-23969873211039721","first-page":"238","article-title":"Observation on therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with cutaneous electrical stimulation for dysphagia in patients with cerebral infarction","volume":"40","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhen Ci Yan Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr214-23969873211039721","first-page":"990","article-title":"Effects of different acupuncture depths of lianquan (cv 23) for dysphagia after stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Meng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr215-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53338_11.x","article-title":"Acupuncture for dysphagia in poststroke patients: A videofluoroscopic study","volume":"53","author":"Seki","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr216-23969873211039721","first-page":"45","article-title":"Clinical observation on acupuncture plus rehabilitation training for dysphagia after stroke\u2014a multi-centered random-controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J traditional Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr217-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515578698","article-title":"Does the addition of specific acupuncture to standard swallowing training improve outcomes in patients with dysphagia after stroke? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr218-23969873211039721","article-title":"A clinical study on acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for 57 cases of swallowing disorders after stroke","volume":"9","author":"Lili","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Traditional Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr219-23969873211039721","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Efficacy observation of thoroughfare vessel theory in acupuncture for post-stroke dysphasia","volume":"31","author":"Zheng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhen Jiu"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr220-23969873211039721","first-page":"2160","article-title":"The clinical observation of 60 cases of scalp and body acupuncture treatment for dysphagia after stroke","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lishizhen Med Materia Med Res"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr221-23969873211039721","first-page":"30","article-title":"Acupuncture treatment of bulbar palsy--a report of 54 cases","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Tradit Chin Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr222-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s11726-019-1090-2","article-title":"Therapeutic observation of Gao's nape acupuncture plus swallowing training for pharyngeal deglutition disorder after stroke","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Acupunct Tuina Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr223-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17982-3","article-title":"Routine oral nutritional supplementation for stroke patients in hospital (food): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"365","author":"Dennis","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr224-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607198022005315","article-title":"A randomized, controlled, single-blind trial of nutritional supplementation after acute stroke","volume":"22","author":"Gariballa","year":"1998","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr225-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2010.01.011","article-title":"Individual, nutritional support prevents undernutrition, increases muscle strength and improves qol among elderly at nutritional risk hospitalized for acute stroke: A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Ha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr226-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000327092.39422.3c","article-title":"Intensive nutritional supplements can improve outcomes in stroke rehabilitation","volume":"71","author":"Rabadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurolo"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr227-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508094244","article-title":"Protein supplementation may enhance the spontaneous recovery of neurological alterations in patients with ischaemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"Aquilani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr228-23969873211039721","first-page":"1","article-title":"Food: A multicentre randomised trial evaluating feeding policies in patients admitted to hospital with a recent stroke","volume":"10","author":"Dennis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess (Winchester, England)"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr229-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17983-5","article-title":"Effect of timing and method of enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients (food): a multicentre randomised controlled trial","volume":"365","author":"Dennis","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr230-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2015.03.028","article-title":"Impact of early enteral nutrition on short term prognosis after acute stroke","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr231-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2014.06.005","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical, microbiological, and behavioural aspects of oral health among patients with stroke","volume":"43","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"J dentistry"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr232-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4327-2","article-title":"Pilot study for risk assessment of aspiration pneumonia based on oral bacteria levels and serum biomarkers","volume":"19","author":"Nishizawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr233-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2017.06.001","article-title":"Risk factors of aspiration pneumonia related to improper oral hygiene behavior in community dysphagia persons with nasogastric tube feeding","volume":"12","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J dental Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr234-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12903","article-title":"The association between oral bacteria, the cough reflex and pneumonia in patients with acute stroke and suspected dysphagia","volume":"47","author":"Perry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr235-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12690","article-title":"High prevalence of colonization of oral cavity by respiratory pathogens in frail older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"27","author":"Ortega","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr236-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003151","article-title":"Association between nasogastric tubes, pneumonia, and clinical outcomes in acute stroke patients","volume":"87","author":"Kalra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr237-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/rnj.154","article-title":"Pilot study of an oral care protocol on poststroke survivors","volume":"39","author":"Chipps","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rehabil Nurs: official J Assoc Rehabil Nurses"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr238-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj019","article-title":"The role of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in acute stroke","volume":"35","author":"Gosney","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age and ageing"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr239-23969873211039721","first-page":"137","article-title":"Effect of family caregiver oral care training on stroke survivor oral and respiratory health in taiwan: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"32","author":"Kuo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr240-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.02.020","article-title":"Effect of oral hygiene interventions on opportunistic pathogens in patients after stroke","volume":"41","author":"Lam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr241-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12309","article-title":"An oral hygiene protocol improves oral health for patients in inpatient stroke rehabilitation","volume":"35","author":"Murray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr242-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000440733","article-title":"Risk of stroke-associated pneumonia and oral hygiene","volume":"41","author":"Wagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr243-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/str.46.suppl_1.ns3","article-title":"Oral care program decreases length of stay (los) and length of time oral foods and fluids are withheld (npo) in stroke patients","volume":"46","author":"Talley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr244-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12701","article-title":"Localization and expression of trpv1 and trpa1 in the human oropharynx and larynx","volume":"28","author":"Alvarez-Berdugo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr245-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.5.1636b","article-title":"Risk of aspiration pneumonia in the elderly","volume":"103","author":"Nakazawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr246-23969873211039721","first-page":"Cd008530","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy for preventing infections in people with acute stroke","volume":"1","author":"Vermeij","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr247-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)85021-6","article-title":"Ace inhibitors and symptomless dysphagia","volume":"352","author":"Arai","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr248-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51572_2.x","article-title":"Cabergoline and silent aspiration in elderly patients with stroke","volume":"51","author":"Arai","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr249-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000096395.80826.23","article-title":"Serum substance p concentrations and silent aspiration in elderly patients with stroke","volume":"61","author":"Arai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurolo"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr250-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170644.15504.49","article-title":"The early systemic prophylaxis of infection after stroke study","volume":"36","author":"Chamorro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr251-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2017.603.611","article-title":"Role of levetiracetam in the rehabilitation of dysphagia due to stroke","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J. Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr252-23969873211039721","first-page":"5","article-title":"Antimicrobial prophylaxis in the management of ischemic stroke","volume":"44","author":"DeFalco","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rivista di neurobiologia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr253-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53261.x","article-title":"Capsaicin troche for swallowing dysfunction in older people","volume":"53","author":"Ebihara","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr254-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2006.00840.x","article-title":"A randomized trial of olfactory stimulation using black pepper oil in older people with swallowing dysfunction","volume":"54","author":"Ebihara","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr255-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002158","article-title":"Preventive antibacterial therapy in acute ischemic stroke: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Harms","year":"2008","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr256-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00126-9","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics after acute stroke for reducing pneumonia in patients with dysphagia (stroke-inf): a prospective, cluster-randomised, open-label, masked endpoint, controlled clinical trial","volume":"386","author":"Kalra","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr257-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2004.52230_5.x","article-title":"A combinatorial therapy for pneumonia in elderly people","volume":"52","author":"Kanda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr258-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2015.05.009","article-title":"Does low dose angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor prevent pneumonia in older people with neurologic dysphagia-a randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Med Directors Assoc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr259-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)05805-X","article-title":"Amantadine and pneumonia","volume":"353","author":"Nakagawa","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr260-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200309-1219OC","article-title":"Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based regimen on pneumonia risk","volume":"169","author":"Ohkubo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr261-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00009543","article-title":"Pharmacological treatment of dysphagia in stroke","volume":"13","author":"Perez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr262-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-013-0920-0","article-title":"Effect of oral piperine on the swallow response of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"49","author":"Rofes","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr263-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.499533","article-title":"Effects of prophylactic antibiotic therapy with mezlocillin plus sulbactam on the incidence and height of fever after severe acute ischemic stroke","volume":"39","author":"Schwarz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr264-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00153","article-title":"The randomized controlled strawinski trial: procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy after stroke","volume":"8","author":"Ulm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr265-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006639","article-title":"Safety and effect of metoclopramide to prevent pneumonia in patients with stroke fed via nasogastric tubes trial","volume":"46","author":"Warusevitane","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr266-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62456-9","article-title":"The preventive antibiotics in stroke study (pass): a pragmatic randomised open-label masked endpoint clinical trial","volume":"385","author":"Westendorp","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr267-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804593","article-title":"Telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events","volume":"359","author":"Yusuf","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr268-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06178-5","article-title":"Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack","volume":"358","author":"Group PC","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr269-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)65809-6","article-title":"Levodopa and swallowing reflex","volume":"348","author":"Kobayashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr270-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60437-0","article-title":"Ace inhibitors and pneumonia in elderly people","volume":"352","author":"Arai","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr271-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(00)00301-0","article-title":"Ace inhibitors and reduction of the risk of pneumonia in elderly people","volume":"13","author":"Arai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr272-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2.660","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-ii receptor antagonists, and pneumonia in elderly hypertensive patients with stroke","volume":"119","author":"Arai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr273-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000150897.14961.0F","article-title":"Ace inhibitors and protection against pneumonia in elderly patients with stroke","volume":"64","author":"Arai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr274-23969873211039721","first-page":"E348","article-title":"The effects of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor on pneumonia in older stroke patients","volume":"122","author":"Cuifang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr275-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)93023-T","article-title":"Capsaicin and swallowing reflex","volume":"341","author":"Ebihara","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr276-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2009.02648.x","article-title":"Intensive stepwise method for oral intake using a combination of transient receptor potential stimulation and olfactory stimulation inhibits the incidence of pneumonia in dysphagic older adults","volume":"58","author":"Ebihara","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr277-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00575_8.x","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and pneumonia in elderly patients with intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"54","author":"Harada","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr278-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60114-6","article-title":"Ace inhibitors and pneumonia","volume":"352","author":"Sekizawa","year":"1998","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr279-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-018-0201-1","article-title":"Neurophysiological adaptation and neuromodulatory treatment approaches in patients suffering from post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"6","author":"Muhle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr280-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2170","article-title":"Effect of bihemispheric anodal transcranial direct current stimulation for dysphagia in chronic stroke patients: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"49","author":"Ahn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr281-23969873211039721","first-page":"519","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on chronic post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: A randomized controlled trial with two stimulation intensities","volume":"33","author":"Arreola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr282-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.012455","article-title":"Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in subacute stroke","volume":"47","author":"Bath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr283-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-007-9145-9","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (nmes) in stroke patients with oral and pharyngeal dysfunction","volume":"23","author":"B\u00fclow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr284-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.11.045","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for rehabilitation of poststroke dysphagia: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial","volume":"127","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr285-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30255-2","article-title":"Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for early decannulation in tracheotomised patients with neurogenic dysphagia after stroke (phast-trac): A prospective, single-blinded, randomised trial","volume":"17","author":"Dziewas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr286-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.031","article-title":"Functional outcome in acute stroke patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia after swallowing therapy","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr287-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.052","article-title":"Adjunctive functional pharyngeal electrical stimulation reverses swallowing disability after brain lesions","volume":"138","author":"Jayasekeran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr288-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2008.01093.x","article-title":"Treatment of post-stroke dysphagia with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"119","author":"Khedr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr289-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.188482","article-title":"Therapeutic role of rtms on recovery of dysphagia in patients with lateral medullary syndrome and brainstem infarction","volume":"81","author":"Khedr","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr290-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2011.35.6.765","article-title":"Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on patients with brain injury and dysphagia","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr291-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2016.08.323","article-title":"Effect of tanscranial direct current stimulation for swallowing function in the stroke patients","volume":"97","author":"Ko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr292-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.602128","article-title":"Noninvasive brain stimulation may improve stroke-related dysphagia","volume":"42","author":"Kumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr293-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0317","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical and thermal-tactile stimulation for dysphagia caused by stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr294-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.5.592","article-title":"Effect of low-frequency rtms and nmes on subacute unilateral hemispheric stroke with dysphagia","volume":"38","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr295-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3233\/BMR-170788","article-title":"The effect of surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation on patients with post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"31","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMR"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr296-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.09.005","article-title":"Characterizing the mechanisms of central and peripheral forms of neurostimulation in chronic dysphagic stroke patients","volume":"7","author":"Michou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr297-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.08.005","article-title":"Effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr298-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12390","article-title":"Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with effortful swallowing on post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr299-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e324","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12063","article-title":"The effect of 5hz high-frequency rtms over contralesional pharyngeal motor cortex in post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia: a randomized controlled study","volume":"25","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr300-23969873211039721","first-page":"259","article-title":"Comparing the effects of rehabilitation swallowing therapy vs. neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy among stroke patients with persistent pharyngeal dysphagia: a randomized controlled study","volume":"92","author":"Permsirivanich","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr301-23969873211039721","first-page":"31","article-title":"A trial of pharyngeal electrical stimulation for the treatment of dysphagia post stroke","author":"Singh SAtopesft, Stroke todpsHT, Association","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc UK Stroke Forum Conf"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr302-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312474116","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation improves swallowing function in stroke patients","volume":"27","author":"Shigematsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr303-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12359","article-title":"Combined electrical stimulation and exercise for swallow rehabilitation post-stroke: a pilot randomized control trial","volume":"53","author":"Sproson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Lang Commun Disord"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr304-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3897-8","article-title":"Electrical pharyngeal stimulation for dysphagia treatment in tracheotomized stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Suntrup","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr305-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25151","article-title":"Randomized trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for poststroke dysphagia","volume":"83","author":"Suntrup-Krueger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr306-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12631","article-title":"A randomized controlled study of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to acquired brain injury","volume":"22","author":"Terr\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr307-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.4103\/neuroindia.NI_377_16","article-title":"The effect of sensory level electrical stimulation of the masseter muscle in early stroke patients with dysphagia: a randomized controlled study","volume":"65","author":"Umay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr308-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968316639129","article-title":"Pharyngeal electrical stimulation in dysphagia poststroke","volume":"30","author":"Vasant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr309-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2012-110213","article-title":"Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) on post-stroke dysphagia","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Restorative Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr310-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2018.1451015","article-title":"Efficacy of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in improving the negative psychological state in patients with cerebral infarction and dysphagia","volume":"40","author":"Zeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr311-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.10.104","article-title":"Effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on patients with dysphagia with medullary infarction","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr312-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-011-0153-5","article-title":"Treatment of post-stroke dysphagia by vitalstim therapy coupled with conventional swallowing training","volume":"31","author":"Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.]. Medical Sciences = Hua Zhong Ke Ji Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ying De Wen Ban = Huazhong Keji Daxue Xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr313-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2014.38.2.153","article-title":"The effect of early neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy in acute\/subacute ischemic stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr314-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.28.1809","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and thermal-tactile stimulation on patients with sub-acute dysphagia caused by stroke","volume":"28","author":"Byeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr315-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.4.600","article-title":"Effect of laryngopharyngeal neuromuscular electrical stimulation on dysphonia accompanied by dysphagia in post-stroke and traumatic brain injury patients: a pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Ko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr316-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31828762ec","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation efficacy in acute stroke feeding tube-dependent dysphagia during inpatient rehabilitation","volume":"92","author":"Kushner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr317-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2015.39.3.432","article-title":"Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation according to the stimulation site in stroke patients with dysphagia","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr318-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.09.040","article-title":"Targeting unlesioned pharyngeal motor cortex improves swallowing in healthy individuals and after dysphagic stroke","volume":"142","author":"Michou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr319-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000482002","article-title":"Increase of substance P concentration in saliva after pharyngeal electrical stimulation in severely dysphagic stroke patients - an indicator of decannulation success?","volume":"25","author":"Muhle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosignals"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr320-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/1941875210395775","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia after stroke","volume":"1","author":"Armstrong","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Neurohospitalist"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr321-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-017-9828-9","article-title":"European society for swallowing disorders fees accreditation program for neurogenic and geriatric oropharyngeal dysphagia","volume":"32","author":"Dziewas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr322-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000228711","article-title":"Fiberoptic endoscopic dysphagia severity scale predicts outcome after acute stroke","volume":"28","author":"Warnecke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113173062400_bibr323-23969873211039721","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1744","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13372","article-title":"Do stroke clinical practice guideline recommendations for the intervention of thickened liquids for aspiration support evidence based decision making? A systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"26","author":"McCurtin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["European Stroke Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23969873211039721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23969873211039721","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/esj\/article-pdf\/6\/3\/LXXXIX\/64653390\/23969873211039721.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/esj\/article-pdf\/6\/3\/LXXXIX\/64653390\/23969873211039721.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T18:20:42Z","timestamp":1769019642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/esj\/article\/6\/3\/LXXXIX\/8271868"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"references-count":323,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23969873211039721","relation":{},"ISSN":["2396-9873","2396-9881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2396-9873","type":"print"},{"value":"2396-9881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]}}}