{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:37:33Z","timestamp":1791333453120,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1018,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["142422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004362","name":"Schweizerische Herzstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Seaside Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["142422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["142422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004362","name":"Schweizerische Herzstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Seaside Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early identification of patients developing symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic brain edema after acute ischemic stroke is essential for clinical decision-making. Astroglial protein S-100B is a marker of blood-brain barrier disruption, which plays an important role in the formation of intracranial hemorrhage and brain edema. In this study, we assessed the prognostic value of serum S-100B for the development of these complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum S-100B levels were measured within 24\u2009h from symptom onset in 1749 consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients from the prospective, observational, multicenter BIOSIGNAL cohort study (mean age 72.0\u2009years, 58.3% male). To determine symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or symptomatic brain edema, follow-up neuroimaging was performed in all patients receiving reperfusion therapy or experiencing clinical worsening with an NIHSS increase of \u2a7e4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty six patients (2.6%) developed symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90 patients (5.2%) developed symptomatic brain edema. After adjustment for established risk factors, log10S-100B levels remained independently associated with both symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.7\u20136.9, p\u2009=\u20090.001) and symptomatic brain edema (OR 4.08, 95% CI 2.3\u20137.1, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001) in multivariable logistic regression models. Adding S-100B to the clinical prediction model increased the AUC from 0.72 to 0.75 (p\u2009=\u20090.001) for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and from 0.78 to 0.81 (p\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.0001) for symptomatic brain edema.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum S-100B levels measured within 24\u2009h after symptom onset are independently associated with the development of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and symptomatic brain edema in acute ischemic stroke patients. Thus, S-100B may be useful for early risk-stratification regarding stroke complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873221145391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T04:00:24Z","timestamp":1671595224000},"page":"309-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Serum S-100B adds incremental value for the prediction of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and brain edema after acute ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9941-171X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Honegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 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