{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:54:34Z","timestamp":1793825674286,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":834,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS-2014-14-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS-2014-14-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000659","name":"Research Trainees Coordinating Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CS-2014-14-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS-2014-14-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) is an anti-inflammatory with efficacy in animal models of stroke. We tested the effect of anakinra on perihaematomal oedema in acute intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and explored effects on inflammatory markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with acute, spontaneous, supratentorial ICH between May 2019 and February 2021. Patients were randomised to 100\u2009mg subcutaneous anakinra within 8\u2009h of onset, followed by five, 12-hourly, 100\u2009mg subcutaneous injections, or matched placebo. Primary outcome was oedema extension distance (OED) on a 72\u2009h CT scan. Secondary outcomes included plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>25 patients (target\u2009=\u200980) were recruited, 14 randomised to anakinra, 11 to placebo. Mean age was 67 and 52% were male. The anakinra group had higher median baseline ICH volume (12.6\u2009ml, interquartile range[IQR]:4.8\u201317.9) versus placebo (5.5\u2009ml, IQR:2.1\u201310.9). Adjusting for baseline, 72\u2009h OED was not significantly different between groups (mean difference OED anakinra vs placebo -0.05 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI]: \u22120.17\u20130.06, p\u2009=\u20090.336). There was no significant difference in area-under-the-curve to Day 4 for IL-6 and CRP, but a post-hoc analysis demonstrated IL-6 was 56% (95% CI: 2%\u201380%) lower at Day 2 with anakinra. There were 10 and 2 serious adverse events in anakinra and placebo groups, respectively, none attributed to anakinra.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe feasibility for delivering anakinra in acute ICH and provide preliminary safety data. We lacked power to test for effects on oedema thus further trials will be required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873231185208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T07:36:12Z","timestamp":1689406572000},"page":"819-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Phase II randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in intracerebral haemorrhage: BLOcking the Cytokine IL-1 in ICH (BLOC-ICH)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-3846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian R","family":"Parry-Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance & University of Manchester, Manchester, UK 1"},{"name":"Division of 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