{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:36:48Z","timestamp":1783467408539,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20Z11900802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20Z11900802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022XD022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XD022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20Z11900802"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20Z11900802"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022XD022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XD022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introductions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Venous outflow (VO) is emerging as a marker of microvascular integrity in acute ischemic stroke. Using hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and infarct growth as mediators, we tested whether a favorable VO profile benefited functional outcome by reducing consequences of microvascular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients receiving thrombectomy in three comprehensive stroke centers due to acute anterior circulation occlusion were included. VO was assessed semi-quantitatively by the opacification of ipsilateral vein of Labb\u00e9, Trolard and superficial middle cerebral vein. HT was graded on follow-up CT. Infarct growth volume (IGV) was the difference of final infarct volume and baseline core volume. The association of VO and functional independence (90-day modified Rankin Scale\u2009\u2a7d\u20092) was examined by logistic regression. Mediation analysis was performed among VO, HT or IGV, and functional outcome in patients with or without recanalization, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 242 patients analyzed, VO was strongly correlated with functional independence and VO\u2009\u2a7e\u20094 was defined favorable. In 175 patients recanalized, favorable VO was associated with a reduced risk of HT (OR\u2009=\u20090.82, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.95, p\u2009=\u20090.008), which accounted for 13.1% of the association between VO and favorable outcome. In 67 patients without recanalization, favorable VO was associated with decreased IGV (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.07, 95% CI \u22120.11 to \u22120.02, p\u2009=\u20090.007). The association of favorable VO and functional independence was no longer significant (aOR\u2009=\u20094.84, 95% CI 0.87\u201338.87, p\u2009=\u20090.089) after including IGV in the model, suggesting a complete mediation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with acute anterior large vessel occlusion, the clinical benefit of VO may be mediated through reduced microvascular dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873231224573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:27:30Z","timestamp":1706660850000},"page":"432-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The benefit of favorable venous outflow profile is mediated through reduced microvascular dysfunction in acute 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2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6566-3647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiran","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijiao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhua","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 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