{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:39:57Z","timestamp":1792157997498,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2023-ER1006-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2023-ER1006-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018688","name":"Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2023-ER1006-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2023-ER1006-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Late hospital arrival keeps patients with stroke from receiving recanalization therapy and is associated with poor outcomes. This study used a nationwide acute stroke registry to investigate the trends and regional disparities in prehospital delay and analyze the significant factors associated with late arrivals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack between January 2012 and December 2021 were included. The prehospital delay was identified, and its regional disparity was evaluated using the Gini coefficient for nine administrative regions. Multivariate models were used to identify factors significantly associated with prehospital delays of &amp;gt;4.5\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 144,014 patients from 61 hospitals were included. The median prehospital delay was 460\u2009min (interquartile range, 116\u20131912), and only 36.8% of patients arrived at hospitals within 4.5\u2009h. Long prehospital delays and high regional inequality (Gini coefficient\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.3) persisted throughout the observation period. After adjusting for confounders, age\u2009&amp;gt;\u200965\u2009years old (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20091.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19\u20131.27), female sex (aOR\u2009=\u20091.09; 95% CI, 1.05\u20131.13), hypertension (aOR\u2009=\u20091.12; 95% CI, 1.08\u20131.16), diabetes mellitus (aOR\u2009=\u20091.38; 95% CI, 1.33\u20131.43), smoking (aOR\u2009=\u20091.15, 95% CI, 1.11\u20131.20), premorbid disability (aOR\u2009=\u20091.44; 95% CI, 1.37\u20131.52), and mild stroke severity (aOR\u2009=\u20091.55; 95% CI, 1.50\u20131.61) were found to independently predict prehospital delays of &amp;gt;4.5\u2009h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prehospital delays were lengthy and had not improved in Korea, and there was a high regional disparity. To overcome these inequalities, a deeper understanding of regional characteristics and further research is warranted to address the vulnerabilities identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241253670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T02:06:56Z","timestamp":1715998016000},"page":"1063-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Regional disparities in prehospital delay of acute ischemic stroke: The Korean Stroke Registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5326-1111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eung-Joon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 1"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Care, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Yeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 3"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Kyoung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongwhane","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-Si, Republic of Korea 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0156-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinkwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin-Si, Republic of Korea 6"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yo Han","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungwook","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea 8"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wook-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea 9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea 10"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyungbok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea 11"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tai Hwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea 12"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi Sun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea 13"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Sung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea 14"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joon-Tae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea 15"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Woo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-Si, Republic of Korea 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-3024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Moo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Uijeongbu-Si, Republic of Korea 5"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0051-1997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee-Joon","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea 16"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keun-Hwa","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea 1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr1-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2015.17.3.268","article-title":"Endovascular recanalization therapy in acute ischemic stroke: updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Hong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr2-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211","article-title":"Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"50","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr3-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987321989865","article-title":"European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke","volume":"6","author":"Berge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr4-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-019-00897-z","article-title":"Regional disparity of medical resources and its effect on age-standardized mortality rates in Korea","volume":"62","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Reg Sci"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr5-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2018.03125","article-title":"Executive summary of stroke statistics in Korea 2018: a report from the Epidemiology Research Council of the Korean Stroke Society","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr6-23969873241253670","first-page":"100693","article-title":"Age and geographic disparities in acute ischaemic stroke prehospital delays in China: a cross-sectional study using national stroke registry data","volume":"33","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Heal Pac"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr7-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.12.021","article-title":"Urban-rural differences in the care and outcomes of acute stroke patients: systematic review","volume":"397","author":"Dwyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr8-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6687765","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6687765","article-title":"Delays in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 outbreak period: a multicenter study in Daegu, Korea","volume":"2021","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Med Int"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr9-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2010.04.001","article-title":"Factors associated with prehospital delay for acute stroke in Ulsan, Korea","volume":"41","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr10-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.963736","article-title":"Secular trends in ischemic stroke characteristics in a rapidly developed country: results from the Korean Stroke Registry Study (secular trends in Korean stroke)","volume":"5","author":"Jung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr11-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493019884517","article-title":"Characteristics and management of stroke in Korea: 2014-2018 data from Korean Stroke Registry","volume":"15","author":"Jeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr12-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000519093","article-title":"Changes in stroke patients\u2019 health-seeking behavior by COVID-19 epidemic regions: data from the Korean stroke registry","volume":"51","author":"Jeong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr13-23969873241253670","first-page":"11","article-title":"Comparisons of prehospital delay and related factors between acute ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction","author":"Yoon","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr14-23969873241253670","unstructured":"Kem S. \u00a0Ambulances per 100,000 population for each region, https:\/\/e-medis.nemc.or.kr (n.d., accessed 30 March 2024)."},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr15-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2307\/2234247","article-title":"Inequality decomposition analysis and the Gini coefficient revisited","volume":"103","author":"Lambert","year":"1993","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr16-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2003.09.011","article-title":"Trends in geographic disparities in allocation of health care resources in the US","volume":"68","author":"Horev","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr17-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4470-x","article-title":"Forecasting maldistribution of human resources for healthcare and patients in Japan: a utilization-based approach","volume":"19","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr18-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.021853","article-title":"Regional disparity of reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke in Japan: a retrospective analysis of nationwide claims data from 2010 to 2015","volume":"10","author":"Maeda","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr19-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003562","article-title":"Progressive rural-urban disparity in acute stroke care","volume":"88","author":"Gonzales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr20-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019305","article-title":"Disparities in emergency medical services time intervals for patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome: findings from the North Carolina Prehospital Medical Information System","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr21-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e013101","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013101","article-title":"Reasons for prehospital delay in acute ischemic stroke","volume":"8","author":"Fladt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr22-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-015-0060-3","article-title":"Emergency medical services transport delays for suspected stroke and myocardial infarction patients","volume":"15","author":"Golden","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr23-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2013.15.2.67","article-title":"Stroke statistics in Korea: part II stroke awareness and acute stroke care, a report from the Korean Stroke Society and Clinical Research Center for Stroke","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr24-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.02.007","article-title":"Sex differences in the presentation of stroke","volume":"99","author":"Berglund","year":"2017","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr25-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01999-4","article-title":"Factors affecting prehospital delay in rural and urban patients with stroke: a prospective survey-based study in southwest Germany","volume":"20","author":"Ungerer","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr26-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.13615","article-title":"Predictors of happiness among older Korean women living alone","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr27-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.10.026","article-title":"Gender and time to arrival among ischemic stroke patients in the Greater Cincinnati\/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study","volume":"25","author":"Madsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr28-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105284","article-title":"Pre-hospital delay in patients with acute ischemic stroke in a multicenter stroke registry: K-PLUS","volume":"29","author":"Nagao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr29-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000406","article-title":"Endovascular treatment and thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in patients with premorbid disability or dementia: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"53","author":"Ganesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr30-23969873241253670","article-title":"Impact of onset-to-door time on outcomes and factors associated with late hospital arrival in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr31-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.11.2591","article-title":"Determinants of use of emergency medical services in a population with stroke symptoms: the second delay in accessing Stroke Healthcare (DASH II) study","volume":"31","author":"Schroeder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr32-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2016.1170214","article-title":"Long-term functional outcomes of patients with very mild stroke: does a NIHSS score of 0 mean no disability? An interim analysis of the KOSCO study","volume":"39","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr33-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2006.04.001","article-title":"The impact of mild stroke on meaningful activity and life satisfaction","volume":"15","author":"Edwards","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr34-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afp196","article-title":"Stroke knowledge and awareness: an integrative review of the evidence","volume":"39","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr35-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.16.1288","article-title":"Public perception of stroke warning signs and knowledge of potential risk factors","volume":"279","author":"Pancioli","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026012113110157700_bibr36-23969873241253670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000044170.46643.5E","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of stroke referrals from primary care, emergency room physicians, and ambulance staff using the face arm speech test","volume":"34","author":"Harbison","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["European Stroke Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/23969873241253670","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/23969873241253670","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/esj\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/1063\/64653057\/23969873241253670.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/esj\/article-pdf\/9\/4\/1063\/64653057\/23969873241253670.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T18:12:39Z","timestamp":1769019159000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/esj\/article\/9\/4\/1063\/8269111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/23969873241253670","relation":{},"ISSN":["2396-9873","2396-9881"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2396-9873","type":"print"},{"value":"2396-9881","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}