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Propensity score matching analysis was used to balance baseline differences among the AC-only, APT-only, and their combination groups. The main outcomes of interest were time to occurrence of minor and major bleeding, stroke recurrence, and all-cause mortality. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each outcome were calculated using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 404 eligible patients, 28.2% received APT only, 53.0% received AC only, and 18.9% received a combination of both. Notable differences were observed between these groups in terms of the 1-year stroke recurrence (APT, 32.5%; AC, 5.6%; APT\u2009+\u2009AC, 9.2%) and all-cause mortality (APT, 21.9%; AC, 6.1%; APT\u2009+\u2009AC, 14.5%), whereas the rates of bleeding events were comparable. The multivariable analysis indicated a significant association of AC alone with reduced risks of severe bleeding, stroke recurrence, and all-cause mortality compared with APT alone (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41\u20130.98; aHR 0.11, 95% CI 0.06\u20130.22; aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.11\u20130.44, respectively). The combination group showed a reduced risk of stroke recurrence compared to APT alone (aHR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08\u20130.46). These findings remained consistent with the propensity score-matched analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AC showed better clinical outcomes than APT in patients with RSSI and AF. Additionally, combination therapy with AC and APT was associated with a lower risk of stroke recurrence than APT alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241253958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T06:21:41Z","timestamp":1716877301000},"page":"981-988","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimal use of antithrombotic agents in recent small subcortical strokes accompanied by atrial fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minwoo","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea 1"},{"name":"Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea 2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Sun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Ho","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea 1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chulho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea 2"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Hee","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea 2"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jung","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea 4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yerim","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0609-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of New Frontier Research Team, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea 2"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113110740700_bibr1-23969873241253958","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012865","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation is associated with a worse 90-day outcome than other cardioembolic stroke subtypes","volume":"47","author":"Henninger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026012113110740700_bibr2-23969873241253958","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Secondary prevention in non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation after transient ischaemic attack or minor stroke. 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