{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T19:51:39Z","timestamp":1791834699698,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":160,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-stroke (PS) cognitive impairment (CI) is frequent and its devastating functional and vital consequences are well known. Despite recent guidelines, they are still largely neglected. A large number of recent studies have re-examined the epidemiology, diagnosis, imaging determinants and management of PSCI. The aim of this update is to determine whether these new data answer the questions that are essential to reducing PSCI, the unmet needs, and steps still to be taken.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature review of stroke unit-era studies examining key steps in the management of PSCI: epidemiology and risk factors, diagnosis (cognitive profile and assessments), imaging determinants (quantitative measures, voxelwise localization, the disconnectome and associated Alzheimer\u2019s disease [AD]) and treatment (secondary prevention, symptomatic drugs, rehabilitation and noninvasive brain stimulation) of PSCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>(1) the prevalence of PSCI of approximately 50% is probably underestimated; (2) the sensitivity of screening tests should be improved to detect mild PSCI; (3) comprehensive assessment is now well-defined and should include apathy; (4) easily available factors can identify patients at high risk of PSCI; (5) key imaging determinants are the location and volume of the lesion and the resulting disconnection, associated AD and brain atrophy; WMH, ePVS, microhemorrhages, hemosiderosis, and cortical microinfarcts may contribute to cognitive impairment but are more likely to be markers of brain vulnerability or associated AD that reduce PS recovery; (6) remote and online assessment is a promising approach for selected patients; (7) secondary stroke prevention has not been proven to prevent PSCI; (8) symptomatic drugs are ineffective in treating PSCI and apathy; (9) in addition to cognitive rehabilitation, the benefits of training platforms and computerized training are yet to be documented; (10) the results and the magnitude of improvement of noninvasive brain stimulation, while very promising, need to be substantiated by large, high-quality, sham-controlled RCTs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These major advances pave the way for the reduction of PSCI. They include (1) the development of more sensitive screening tests applicable to all patients and (2) online remote assessment; crossvalidation of (3) clinical and (4) imaging factors to (5) identify patients at risk, as well as (6) factors that prompt a search for associated AD; (7) the inclusion of cognitive outcome as a secondary endpoint in acute and secondary stroke prevention trials; and (8) the validation of the benefit of noninvasive brain stimulation through high-quality, randomized, sham-controlled trials. Many of these objectives can be rapidly and easily attained.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241271651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T01:41:12Z","timestamp":1723426872000},"page":"22-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Are we ready to cure post-stroke cognitive impairment? Many key prerequisites can be achieved quickly and easily"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6789-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Godefroy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardalan","family":"Aarabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7848-7072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick","family":"B\u00e9jot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Dijon Stroke Registry, EA7460, University of Burgundy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geert Jan","family":"Biessels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Glize","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent CT","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel Thiebaut de","family":"Schotten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe d\u2019Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodegeneratives-UMR 5293 CNRS CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France"},{"name":"Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory Sorbonne Universities Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Sibon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugues","family":"Chabriat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Lariboisi\u00e8re Hospital, and INSERM NeuroDiderot UMR 1141, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012113071436300_bibr1-23969873241271651","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.21.6.858","article-title":"Dementia in stroke survivors in the stroke data bank cohort. 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